•INTENSE or EXTENSIVE exercise changes the shape of red blood cells
•Approximately 8-9% of African Americans have sickle cell trait.
Complains of “cramping”
No visible or palpable camp
May report “back pain”
Slumps to a stop
Altitude can have an impact
Build up slowly in training with paced progressions, Allow longer periods of rest and recovery, Consider exclusion from performance tests such as mile runs, serial sprints, etc, High altitude, recent illness, and dehydration can enhance sickling, Stop activity with onset of symptoms