Frame Model
The setup uses angled metal stands that form a triangular or sloped A-frame on both sides.
This allows multiple horizontal PVC or trough-style pipes to be stacked vertically at an angle, making it easier to access and maintain plants.
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ZigZag Model
This system stacks horizontal PVC pipes one above the other in a staggered, zig-zag pattern, optimizing both space and nutrient flow.
The layout helps gravity-assisted water flow from the top to the bottom in a controlled manner.
Garden Tower Model
A central vertical column with multiple plant slots or "grow ports" stacked around the cylinder.
Typically made from food-grade plastic or UV-resistant polymer for durability and safe indoor use.
Bato Bucket Model
Each bucket holds one or two plants and is filled with an inert growing medium like perlite, hydroton, or coco coir.
A drain pipe is located a few inches above the bottom of the bucket to retain a small reservoir of nutrients and prevent waterlogging.
BENCHMARKING OF DESIGNS
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