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Thoughtful Observation: On his journey to England, he was looking at the color of the sea. He became curious to know why sea looks blue even when big waves rolled up. Intuitively, he thought that water molecules are breaking up Sun’s light.
Raman Effect: When a beam of monochromatic light passes through a transparent substance it scatters in two ways i.e. elastic scattering (Rayleigh scattering) and inelastic scattering (Raman scattering). Raman effect is the result of Raman scattering. It proves that light is made up of particles.
Rayleigh Scattering/Elastic scattering: Scattered photon does not lose or gain energy after interaction. In this phenomenon, photon interacts with molecules in such a way that it raises the virtual energy state of molecules and soon molecules return to its ground state, releasing a photon of same energy level to the initial photon.
Raman Scattering/Inelastic scattering: After interaction with molecules, scattered photon either gains or loses energy. The shift in frequency corresponding to the energy difference between the incident photon and the scattered photon is the Raman shift.
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