The human body is an inverted pendulum balancing the upper body around our ankle joints in every step thus requiring active control in order to balance.

The process of making a balancing robot is widely documented and open-source code is available. In some parts of this project, open-source code has been used and modified to fit the hardware. The given project requirements involved using the microcontroller board, Arduino Nano.

The robot will only be tested indoors on flat surfaces. The pendulum is assumed to have one degree of freedom. It will therefore only be controlled in one direction, regarding both the angle of tilt and the position of the robot. the objectives were,

• To demonstrate the techniques involved in balancing an unstable robotic platform on two wheels

• To design a complete discrete digital control system that will provide the needed stability.

• To create a model for that purpose and validate whether the model is good enough for implementation.

A hexapod consists of several subsystems that works together allowing desired functionality.  it has six legs, a drive system to allow movement of the legs, an on-board controller, and a variety of sensors to monitor, observe, and analyze the robot’s environment. the objective was,

• To design a small compact robot model; to have the ability to move into and fit into tight spaces which are not reachable by humans.

Bomb disposal robots are used to dispose of various kinds of bombs by minimizing the involvement of operators in the bomb and to protect important evidence about the bomb, which will be helpful to find the developer of it easily. While reducing the amount of risk faced by military personnel who are specified in bomb disposal, when they are enrolled in bomb disposal tasks. By using this kind of robot in their duties, they will be able to safely detect and dispose of such kinds of bombs which will ultimately lead to a disaster if exploded. the objective was,

•  To design a robot to dispose of bombs with minimum risk involved to the operator.

heat-sealing machines are imported to Sri Lanka mainly from China. Since Sri Lanka also have major apparel manufacturing companies, those companies import these machines at a large cost for their productions. Currently available roller type hot air sealing machines are made for clothing such as jackets (waterproof) which mostly contain curved seam lines. But the problem is in Sri Lankan context seam sealing is mostly used for sportswear/swimwear and undergarments. Therefore, the objectives were,

• To design and develop new parts for the mechanism which has ability to seam seal using rollers as well as flat belt using SolidWorks and CNC machining.

• To design a heating element to supply heat to the flat belt with the aim of obtaining the necessary temperature on the surface of the belt in order to perform the seam sealing operation.

• To design a holding structure, pneumatic circuit, and assemble all mechanical and electrical components of the machine.

• To program the main controller and the HMI to achieve the functioning of the machine.