justin frake

Abstract

This paper investigates how organizational misconduct is perpetuated through intergenerational transmission. We theorize that early exposure to misconduct imprints newcomers with the belief that misconduct is normal, which is carried by these individuals into managerial positions, where it is then passed down to future generations of subordinates. We test this using longitudinal administrative data from the Chicago Police Department from 1980 – 2017. We exploit the random assignment of applicants to training cohorts to demonstrate that applicants exposed to higher levels of misconduct during their initial training not only engage in more misconduct over their careers as police officers (“first generation effect”), but also increase the misconduct of their subordinates after they become managers years or decades later (“second generation effect”). Mechanism tests suggest that this intergenerational transmission occurs through both incentive structures (i.e., annual reviews) and social influence (i.e., racial homophily). Taken together, these findings reveal how managers carry the normalization of misconduct learned in an organization’s past into its future, expanding our understanding of how misconduct in organizations is perpetuated and offering important policy implications for addressing the problem of police misconduct.