Embedded Files
POWER POINT PRESENTATION
6_CH-5_HISTORY.pptxQUESTION ANSWER
CHAPTER -5 DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIFE- VEDIC N CHALCOLITHIC SETTLEMENTS
Exercises
III. Answer in brief.
1. Where are the Aryans believed to have originated from?
Answer: The Aryans are believed to have originated in the areas surrounding the Caspian Sea.
2. Name the two types of pottery associated with the Vedic period
Answer:
• Black-and-red ware
• Painted grey ware with black and red geometric patterns
3. What was the impact of tools made of iron on agriculture?
Answer: Iron • made farming equipment superior.
• allowed for more land to be brought under cultivation.
4. Name the various religious books of the Vedic people.
Answer:
1. The four Vedas,
i.e., the Rig Veda, the Yajur Veda, the Sama Veda and the Atharva Veda
2. The Brahmanas
3. The Upanishads
4. The Aranyakas
5. The Puranas
6. The epics—the Ramayana and the Mahabharata
5. Distinguish between microlith and megalith.
Answer:
• Microliths: Small stone tools used predominantly by the Mesolithic people, typically part of a tool like the spear.
• Megaliths: Extremely large stones that marked burial sites in Southern India.
IV. Answer in detail.
Question 1: Describe the government system of the Aryans. The Aryans were divided into tribes.
Answer:
• The Rajan was the chief of the tribe chosen by the people.
• He was assisted by the senani or the commander in-chief of the army.
• He was helped in religious matters by the purohit or the priest.
• He was also advised by two assemblies of elders, the sabha and the samiti
• He was succeeded by the most capable person of the tribe.
• He received gifts in kind as there was no regular tax.
• He received a share of the plunder when cattle raids took place.
• He became more powerful and gained supremacy over the other chiefs over a period of time, by performing sacrifices like the Rajasuya and the Ashwamedha.
Question 2: Explain the pyramid-like social system of the Aryans. How did it change over time?
Answer: In the beginning, occupation was the basis of social division among the Aryans and was known as the varna or class system.
• At the top of the pyramid, were the brahmins or priests, who dominated as they were necessary to conduct all the rituals.
• They were followed by the kshatriyas or the warriors and their power increased with the occupation of more lands.
• Next on the pyramid were the vaishyas, who were traders, cultivators and skilled workers and they too gained importance because of the acquisition of wealth due to trade.
• They were followed by the shudras, who served the other groups and did menial jobs. They remained at the bottom in this pyramid.
• In the early days this system was not hereditary and could be interchanged.
• But over a period of time, the varna system became very rigid and it became difficult for people to move out of the varna or class they were born into.
3. Describe the nature of economy of the Vedic society.
ANSWER
• Agriculture and cattle rearing were the important occupations of the people.
• But due to the expansion of agriculture, cattle as a source of wealth became less significant and land became a major source of wealth.
• People also worked as potters, weavers, carpenters and chariot makers.
• The use of iron made farming equipment superior and more land was brought under cultivation.
• With technology and a better lifestyle, many other occupations like leather making, and jewellery making became prominent.
• The barter system was in practice.
• The people started trading with places across the seas also.
4. Give a sketch of the life of the chalcolithic people of Inamgaon.
ANSWER
• The people of Inamgaon in Maharashtra were one of the largest settlements in India.
• They were mainly farmers.
• They used tools made of copper.
• Stone tools like grinding stones and pestles were used to grind and crush grain.
• They grew barley, wheat, peas, gram and beans. They also cultivated rice, jowar and ragi.
• They domesticated animals like cattle, sheep, goats, dogs and pigs, and also did fishing.
• The pottery of the people was of high standard and was wheel made and fired.
• The people worshipped both gods and goddesses.
• A number of human burial sites have been found at Inamgaon. Clay pots containing food and water were placed along with the body.
5. Give an account of the megalithic settlements of South India.
ANSWER
• Megalithic cultures emerged in South India around 1000 bce.
• In this culture, burial sites are marked by large stones called megaliths.
• There are different types of graves { Some graves are cut into rocks and covered with a flat stone. { Some tombs are enclosed with stones placed around them in a circular fashion. { In some graves bones are put in a pot or urn and buried. This was then surrounded by a ring of stones.
• The megalithic burial sites are associated with the spread of the use of iron as iron tools were used to cut and work the megaliths.
• The habitations found near these burial grounds are scanty, suggesting that the megaliths were put up by nomadic groups of people as a kind of marker in case they wanted to return to the site.
• Several iron implements and weapons have been found in the graves.
• Also bones of a number of animals like the cow, goat, sheep, dog, hose, pig, birds, crocodile and fish, have been found in the burial sites.
• A variety of pots have also been found in some graves.
WORKSHEET
CHAPTER-5 DIFFERENT WAYS OF LIFE: THE VEDIC PERIOD AND CHALCOLITHIC SETTLEMENTS
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. The Aryans are believed to have originated in the areas surrounding the _________ _______ in southern Russia.
2. Inamgaon is a __________ settlement on the banks of river _____________ in Maharashtra.
3. The main occupation of the people of Inamgaon was _________________.
4. The chief of an Aryan tribe was known as _____________________.
5. The ______________ is the principal source of study of the Aryans.
II. Give the meaning of the following.
1. pastoralist: ________________________________________________________________
2. doab: _____________________________________________________________________
3. hymn: _____________________________________________________________________
III. Correct these statements.
1. The people of the Vedic Period lived in brick houses.
______________________________________________________________________
2. The Aryans had farming equipment made of stone, which slowed down their agricultural practices.
______________________________________________________________________
3. The Aryans prayed to Varuna, the god of thunder and war.
______________________________________________________________________
IV. Multiple Choice Questions.
1. The period of Indian history which deals with the coming of the Aryans to India is known as the
a. Chalcolithic Age b. Vedic Period c. Bronze Age d. Neolithic Age
2. The main occupation of the Aryans was
a. pottery b. agriculture c. pastoralism d. leather making
3. Which of these statements is true?
a. The Aryans are believed to have come to India to wage war with the local inhabitants.
b. The Aryans are believed to have come to India to spread their language, literature and culture.
c. The Aryans are believed to have come to India in search of fresh pastures for their cattle.
d. The Aryans are believed to have come to India fleeing from aggressors in their land.
4. Having read about the society during the Vedic Period, which of these statements holds true?
a. The Aryans had a very structured society with clear divisions based on their occupation.
b. The Aryans had a very structured society based on heredity.
c. The Aryans did not have a structured society at all.
d. The Aryans were a warrior clan with no societal relationships.
V. Answer the questions.
1. How was the family and the society structured during the Vedic Period?
2. What was the work of the rajan? Who were the people assisting him in government policies?
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse