Components : Initially, Tool Box, Layers Panel & Option bar is visible :-

Ø Click on windows > Show Layers to open the Layers panel if it is not visible :-

Ø Click on File > New - Document setup will open.

Ø Enter the size of Graphic in Inches.

Ø Set Resolution 72 Pixels /inch While Working

Ø Set Mode to RGB ( RED, GREEN & BLUE ) Color Mode

Ø Click on OK.

Ø Click on File > Open, Browse and open an Image.

TOOL BOX :

RECTANGULAR MARQUEE TOOL. ( Right click and select this tool, This ia a selection tool)

1. Click and drag across the image to select the required part of Image

2. Click on Edit > Copy

3. Highlight the New Image.

4. Click on Edit > Paste

If you paste twice, you’ll get two Layers of the same Image

— you can even drag and drop the selected part of Image to new instead of copy paste by

move tool.

ELLIPTICAL MARQUEE TOOL : This is also a selection tool used to make a circular selection. Same as rectangular Marquee tool. Add same value to feathers in the option bar to add a soft (Faded) boundaries affect before selection

MOVE TOOL : This object is made to move the selected options (Image) and some general Transformation. Click on show bounding box to add Nodes to the Image in order to Rotate or Resize the image.

Press Enter after transformation to fix transformation OR Esc to cancel transformation.

LASSO TOOL : This is a selection tool used to make Random selection according to the shape of required Image depending on the perfection of your mouse Movement. Click - hold the left mouse button and move according to the Image to obtain that selection.

POLYGONAL LASSO TOOL : This is a selection tool used to make random selection like Lasso Tool in a Straight way clicking wherever required.

1. Click on one start point - Release.

2. Move the mouse as according to requiredshape and check wherever required to obtain the required shape of selection.

MAGNETIC LASSO TOOL : This is also a selection tool used to make random selection according to the requirement of the shape of selection. Click once at the start of selection, Release the mouse button and move across the outline of the Image. Selection will move automatically on the outline even through mouse fluctuates, recognizing the difference between two colors. This tool can be best used on sharp Images without Gaudy Background.

MAGIC WAND TOOL : This is a selection tool used to select the part of Image with continuos similar colors. Click holding the shift key to obtain the multiple area selection.

CROP TOOL: This tool is used to trim the Image and keep the required part of Image cutting of the un-required part.

1) Click and drag across the Image to get the selection of required part ofimage.

2) Press Enter to apply the crop function OK. Press Esc to cancel the function.

AIR BRUSH TOOL : Air brush tool is used to paint the Image as required.

1. Select the suitable brush size from the option bar.

2. Select the mode you want.

3. Paint the Image.

4. Different modes will give different effects : -

PAINT BRUSH TOOL & PENCIL TOOL is used similarly as Air Brush tool, the only difference between pencil and brush is the outline of pencil is sharp and Brush has soft outlines.

CLONE STAMP TOOL : Clone stamp tool is used to obtain the clone of the required part of Image to another object (Image).

Click on clone stamp tool.

ALT + Click on the required Image.

Rub and paint the clone on it.

PATTERN STAMP TOOL : Pattern fill stamp is used to fill pattern in the required Image or for Background fill etc.

To create our New Pattern:

1. Click on Rectangular Marquee tool.

2. Set feather value to the O px

3. Select the required part of Image as Pattern.

4. Click on Edit > Define Pattern.

5. Click on OK.

6. The defined pattern is now available in the patterns Library.

7. Select the pattern stamp tool.

8. Paint the selected pattern to New Image.

HISTORY BRUSH TOOL : History Brush Tool is used to erase all the charges made to the saved Image and revert to the original saved versions before saving again.

Click on History Brush Tool and rub on the spoiled Image.

ART HISTORY BRUSH TOOL: We can say that Art History brush is used to spoil the Image Actually it also represents some kind of effect.

Click on Art History Brush

Click Hold on the Image and move along to see th outputs.

ERASER TOOL : Eraser Tool is used to erase the unwanted part of the Image. When

you erase the Image it shows the background which can be any color. Select the erase tool and rub on the Image.

BACKGROUND ERASER TOOL : Background eraser tool erases Image as well as the Background leaving back the transparent part. Select background Eraser tool and rub the Image.

MAGIC ERASER TOOL : Magic Eraser works same as the Magic Wand Tool. Like the Magic Wand Tool selects the areas with similar color, Magic Eraser Tool erases the area with Similar Colors. Select the Magic Eraser Tool and click on the Image on that part which you don’t require.

PAINT BUCKET TOOL : Paint Bucket tool is used to fill the paint in the Image. If you fill paint directly in the Image it replaces the true color, If you fill it in the new blank Layer, whole layer is filled with the selected color.

à Select the paint bucket tool.

à Select the required color from the color palette.

à Click on layer > New > Layers - OK.

à Click in the Image to fill color.

à you can charge the layer blend mode from the Layers Panel.

GRADIANT TOOL : Gradient tool is used to fill the gradient effect of more than one color on the particular Image Or Blank Image.

è Select the Gradient tool from the tool box.

è It has 5 different style Viz. (Linear Gradient, Radial Gradient, Angle Gradient, Diamond Gradient ) select the desired Gradient.

è Select the Gradient color from the library on top at the option bar.

è Click and drag on the Image to apply that Gradient.

You can fill the Gradient on Image itself or in a new blank layer to enable layer blend modes in a effect.

BLUR TOOL : This tool is used to make the image part blur at the required part of Image. This tool reduces the difference between the color, making a blurred effect.

è Select the Blur Tool from the tool box.

è Click hold the left mouse button and rub it on the required part of Image.

SHARPEN TOOL : Sharpen Tool actually doesn’t sharpen the image outlines instead it sharpen the color pixels, when rubbed on it.

à select sharpen tool and Rub on the Image.

à This tool is rarely used.

SMUDGE TOOL : This is very interesting tool, cut like color Smudging (Spread) using a finger tip.

à Select the smudge tool, from the Tool Box.

à Set the brush size and pressure as required.

à Click and rub/ drag on the Image to obtain the required effect on the Image.

DODGE TOOL : Color Dodge Tool cuts the shadow and increase brightness, or adds fight to the Image, This tool is used to clean the underexposed photographs to make all the parts visible.

1. Select Dodge tool from the Tool Box.

2. Rub on the darker part of image.

3. Can change the brush size from brush library on option bar.

BURN TOOL : Burn tool is just opposite to Dodge Tool, Burn tool burns or darkens the Image. This can be best used to make the overexposed photographs, little darker.

1. Select the Burn Tool from the Tool Box.

2. Click and rub on the brighter part of image to make it dark.

SPONGE TOOL : Sponge Tool has two functions in it 1) Saturate 2) Desaturate If you select saturate, it will improve / increase color quality of Image. If you select desaturate, it will remove / reduce color quality or even make it Black & White.

1. Select the Sponge Tool and set required option from option bar.

2. Click and rub on the Image to apply the application.

TEXT TOOL : Text Tool is used to type the required matter in the Image. There are some different ways of using Text tool with different option setting. Click on the screen i.e.

1. Select the text tool.

2. Select and from option bar.

3. Click on the Image.

4. Type when the cursor appears.

5. Click on move tool after finishing typing.

6. Text Formatting

7. Select the text with the Text Tool.

8. Select the different option i.e. Fonts, size. color, from the option bar.

CREATE WARPED TEXT:

1. After selecting text with the text tool.

2. Click on create warped text button on option bar.

3. ( In the option you can change the appearance)

4. Select the style as per the requirement.

5. Move the Keys of Vertical Distortion, Horizontal Distortion etc. to obtain the required effect - OK.

VERTICAL TEXT TYPE

1] Click on Text Tool.

2] Click on [T] in the Option Bar.

3] Click on in the Option Bar to get vertical text.

4] Click on the Image, type when the cursor appears..

We can change the colors of the text as and when required by selecting it with Text Tool and selecting required colors.

IMAGE EMBEDED TEXT: If you want to embed Image in text then select text tool and click on ( Greater mask or selection button ) and Horizontal Text.

1. Click on the Image you want to embed.

2. Type the required word.

3. Select with the same Text Tool.

4. Adjust the, Text properties as required.

5. Click on Move Tool.

6. Drag and drop the text selection to the New or Wherever required.

NOTES TOOL : Notes Tool is used to store some extra hidden information in a particular Image.

1. Click on Notes Tool.

2. Click on the Image.

3. Type the required text matter.

4. Click on small button on the top right corner to close it.

5. Right click on the Notes, Click on delete note to delete note.

EYE DROPPER TOOL : Eye dropper tool is used the choose color directly from the image instead of searching It in the Palettes or swatches.

1. Select Eye Dropper Tool.

2. Click on the Image on the required part of color,

3. Select Brush / Palettes - Bucket and paint where required.

HAND TOOL : Hand Tool helps us to move the screen when it is zoomed outside the canvas. It will not work when the image is in the canvas window.

ZOOM TOOL : Zoom Tool is used to zoom the object more closer for the better and clearer view of the image part.

1. Select the Zoom Tool from the Tool Box.

2. Click on the image to enlarge it.

3. Press -Hold the Alt key and click to zoom out.

4. [ reduce zoom size]

PEN TOOL, DIRECT SELECTION TOOL & CUSTOM SHADE TOOL: are used in paths/not in layers, These tools are provided to draw some vector graphics if some time required.

FREEFORM PEN TOOL : To draw a freehand drawing depending on the perfection of the mouse movement of the user.

PEN TOOL : To draw an object systematically by clicking and dragging as required. Click once you will get a point, and click again a line will follow according to your clicks.

1. Select the Pen Tool.

2. Click on the Image - You’ll get a point ( Nodes).

3. Go on clicking according to required shape.

DIRECT SELECTION TOOL : Use Direct Selection Tool to resize / reshape the object drawn by Pen Tool previously.

Add Anchor Point Tool : To add the node (Point) wherever required.

Delete Anchor Point : To remove/ delete a node which is not required - Click on unwanted node with this tools.

Convert Point Tool : To obtain the cusp of a point by using this tool. Only one handle is moved. After creating any Image / Shape / Object we’ll have to convert it to selection to fill the color of the Gradients.

1. Right click on the Path.

2. Click on make Selection - OK.

3. Click on layers and come back to layers.

4. Create a New Layer.

5. Fill the required color or Gradient using at specific Tool.

6. i.e. Gradient / Fill - Paint Bucket Tool.

QUICK MASK TOOL :

This tool is situated just below the color palette.

1. First make a selection in the Image.

2. Click on the Quick Mask Tool.

3. It’ll mask entire part of image except the

selection. To Change the color of masking.

4. Double click on the tool.

5. Select the color from the palettes - OK.

STANDARD SCREEN MODE BUTTON : The Photoshop screen is always in standard mode. If not in standard mode, click on this button to get it.

FULL SCREEN WITH MENU BAR : When you click on this button Image (Active ) will be in full screen, but and menu bar is visible for editing

FULL SCREEN MODE : This is a exclusive full screen mode with black out sides, Here Menu bar is not visible, We can hide the toolbox, Layer Panel and option bars temporarily by pressing TAB once. To bring back the Tool Box, Panel and option bar press Tab again.

MENUS

FILE : File Menu is generally used to open New blank document, close, save, save as, print, page setup, etc. Which are similar and common every where.

EDIT :

UNDO : To cancel the previous action, (Photoshop has only one Undo Action).

REDO : To repeat the last undone action.

STEP BACKWARD : To undo / step backward upto 15- 20 action.

STEP FORWARD : To redo the undone action using step backward command.

FADE : This command shows the effect between the original and fast mode change particular it is rarely used.

CUT : Cut is used to cut the selected object in order to paste where required.

COPY : Copy is also used to copy the selection to paste and create a copy.

PASTE : Paste is used to paste the copied or cut selection in to the new Image.

COPY MERGE :

1. Copy merge helps us to copy all the layers at a same time / Selection.

2. Create different layers of different Image.

3. Click on Marque Tool and make a selection.

4. Click on Edit > Copy Merge.

5. Highlight the new Image & paste it.

PASTE INTO : To paste the selection part of Image only into the selection only.

1. Make an selection.

2. Click on Edit > Copy.

3. Highlight the new Image.

4. Make a selection.

5. Click on edit > Paste Into.

The copied object will be pasted in to the selection only.

CLEAR : To delete or clear the selected object.

1. Make a selection in the Image.

2. Click Edit clear or paste Del keys to erase the

selected part of Image.

FILL : This function is an alternative for the Paint Bucket Tool, Pattern Tool & Gradient Tool.

n Create a new layer.

n Make a required selection.

n Click on Edit > Fill.

n Select the option Background / Foreground /Pattern/ 50 % Black etc.

Click on OK.

STROKE : To add lines to the selected area along with the line.

Ø Select the Image is a required shape.

Ø Draw a New Blank layer.

Ø Click on Edit > Stroke.

Ø Select the thickness of line.

Ø select the color of line.

Ø select the location of the stroke from (Inside,

Ø Center & Outside)

Ø Click on OK.

If you select the location outside the line, Stroke appear outside the selection, Inside will give line inside the selection area & in centre, half of the stroke is outside the circle and half is inside the selection.

FREE TRANSFORM : To transform the objects freely, i.e. it includes the functions Scale and Rotate. Scale means to resize the selection Image, Rotate is to rotate the Image.

Ø Click on Edit > Free transform.

Ø Click on the nodes of corner and pull to change size.

Ø Click outside the selection when this sign appears on the mouse pointer and drag or turn.

Ø Press Enter to apply transformation and press

Ø Esc to cancel transformation.

TRANSFORM : Transform has some more transformation other than Scale and Rotate .

Scale & Rotate-mentioned in free transforma-tion.

SKEW : To distort Image from a single / edge of the Image.

l Click on Edit > Transform > Skew.

l Click hold a mode of transformation frame.

l Drag according to your requirement.

l Press Enter to apply transformation and Press

Esc. to cancel transformation.

DISTORT : To distort Image as in required direction. This function works same as skew but, it

has no fine restriction you can pull and push any Where with its Nodes.

Follows same steps as skew.

PERSPECTIVE : Perspective also is a skewing but here if you skew one edge the opposite edge also gets skewed automatically and symmetrically to the original skewing.

Apply, Enter to apply transformation, an press Esc to Cancel the transformation.

ROTATE 900 CW : To rotate the Image in the selected direction i.e. rotate in 900 cw (Clockwise).

l Select the entire layer or select a part of Image with the Marquee Tool.

l Click Edit >Transformation> Rotate > 900 cw.

l 900 CW (Counter Clockwise )

l To rotate 900 cw - ( Anti - Clock wise ) follow the previous step of 900 cw.

FLIP : To make the Image upside down.

FLIP HORIZONTAL : To make the image laterally inverted or mirror effect.

ROTATE 1800 : To turn the image upside down.

DEFINE BRUSH : While using paint brush or Air brush tool we get a library of the brushes size on the option bar . To add a brush to the library according to our creations.

Ø Select Rectangle Marque tool.

Ø Set feather valve to O.px.

Ø Make a selection.

Ø Click on Edit > Define brush - OK.

Ø Select Air brush or Paint brush.

Ø Select the defined brush from the brush library.

Ø Click in the blank Image to view, the result of

Ø brush it stamps the Image in the brush with the

Ø color you choose from the color Palette.

DEFINE PATTERN : While using pattern stamp tool, We get the library of pattern in the option bar to add a new pattern to the library.

ð Select Rectangle Marquee Tool.

ð Set feather value to O.px( Important ).

ð Click and drag to make a selection.

ð Click on Edit > Define pattern - OK.

ð Select - Pattern Stamp Tool.

ð Select the defined pattern from the library.

ð Rub and paint in the Image.

IMAGE MENU : Mode contains all the color changing and color separation option in it Viz.

GRAY SCALE : To discard all the color information and turn the Image to Grayscale (Black White).

INDEXED COLOR : To view the changes and to carry out change open channels from Window Menu. Indexed Colors will merge all the color layers. e.g. R.G.B. color to one Indexed color layer.

RGB : (Red, Green & Blue ) This is a default color mode for Adobe Photoshop for editing photographs.

CMYK : (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black ) The color mode is used for four color offset job work, to Create the mentioned plates before printing by switching on to that color Layer.

LAB COLOUR:

IMAGE SIZE : To Change the size of the Image.

ð Click on Image > Image size.

ð Change the values as required.

ð Click on OK.

CANVAS SIZE : Canvas is actually the background of the Image, on which the Image is pasted, canvas size function is used to change the size of the Image canvas.

ð Click on Image > Canvas size.

ð Change value and modify size.

ð Click on OK.

ROTATE CANVAS : This function is used to rotate the entire Image including all the layers in it.

Rotate Canvas > 1800 To make the whole image upside down.

Rotate Canvas > 900 CW : To turn the Image 900 Clockwise.

Rotate Canvas > 900 CCW : To turn Image 900 Anti-Clock wise.

Rotate Canvas > ARBITRARY : To rotate according to our wish.

ð Click on Arbitrary, Enter the rotation Angle O0.

ð Click on Ok.

ROTATE CANVAS : Flip Horizontal : To Make whole Image Laterally Inverted.

APPLY IMAGE : To Mix. two Images such it appears that the upper Layer is Transparent.

ð Open an Image.

ð Drag and drop another Image Layer.

ð Click on Image > Apply Image.

ð From the Layer Box Select Background.

ð Click on the Mask Check Box below.

ð Select Layer 1 from the Layer box.

CALCULATIONS : Calculations give out the same output as Apply Image but in Black and White and here we can use three Layers instead of 2 Layers.

TRIM: Trim is used to trim the Extra Canvas.

ð Open a New blank Image.

ð Select a part of another Image.

ð Drag and Drop in new Image with move tool.

ð Click on Image > Trim - OK.

The canvas will trim and fit according to Image.

CROP : To cut off the unwanted part of Image.

Select the part of Image with Marquee Tool.

ð Click on Image > Crop.

ð The selected part will be left back deleting the

other parts.

EXTRACT : To extract the wanted part of Image.

ð Click on Image > Extract.

ð Select the image part by the pen in it.

ð Fill color by paint bucket on the selection.

ð Click on OK.

LIQUIFY : To liquify and edit the photographs, or manipulate the structure on image part by distorting as per our requirement using its special and advanced tools provided in it. These tools had to be understood practically.

LAYER MENU

NEW > LAYERS : To Create a new layer.

SET : To create a folder to store our layers in that folder. First create a layer set, Then create the required number of layers. Here you can close Minimize the set of Maximize.

LAYERS SET TO LINKED : To enclose all the existing layers into the set.

1) Click in the empty box just before the layer thumbnail of the layers you want in set.

2) Click on layers > New > Set to linked.

All the linked Layers are now in Layer set.

LAYER VIA COPY : To copy the selected part of Image and paste in the New Layer.

1) Select a part of Image with a Marquee tool.

2) Click on Layer > New > Layer Via copy.

3) This will copy the land paste selection in the Layer.

LAYER VIA CUT :To cut a part of Image and paste it into new layer this function works same as Layer Via copy, but it cuts the image instead of coping and paste it into the New Layer.

DELETE LAYER : To delete a selected layer.

ð Click on the unwanted layer.

ð Click on Layer > Delete Layer.

ð Click on OK.

OR,

ð Right click on the unwanted layers & Click on delete layer - OK

LAYER PROPERTIES : We can label the layer or mark it with color to enable better identify of the contents of layer.

1). Click - Select the layer.

2). Click on layer > Layer Properties.

3) Type the name for the Layer.

4) Select the color for that layer.

5) Click on OK.

LAYER STYLE : Layer style is the set of many enhanced effect of different blends like embossing and shadow effects Viz.

LAYER > LAYER STYLE > Drop Shadow :- To apply the shadow to the Layer - This effect is more effective on text than Image.

1) Type a word on the page.

2) Select Move Tool and click on Layer > Layer style > Drop Shadow.

3) Adjust the distance and Intensity as well as direction of shadow.

4) Click on OK.

Similarly — Apply all the required effects in this part using the above mentioned steps.

DETAILS OF OTHER EFFECTS : LAYER STYLE :

2) INNER SHADOW : To apply the shadow inside the text.

3) OUTER GLOW : To apply the Glow (Halo) effect on the text Image - (Effective in dark back ground)

4) INNER GLOW : To add glow effect inside the text.

5) BEVEL & EMBOSS : To raise the text in a some what 3D effect.

6) SATIN : To add some rough lines / Texture.

7) COLOR OVERLAY : To add a color, as overlay which supercedes any previous color temporarily.

8) GRADIENT OVERLAY : To add a Gradient overlay same as color overlay, but to view this effect, first we have to disable color Overlay.

9) PATTERN OVERLAY : To add patterns, like color overlay, to apply this effect, color Overlay and Gradient Overlay should be disabled.

10) STROKE : To apply outlines, on that part.

COPY LAYER STYLE : To copy all the applied Layer Styles in order to paste them to another Layer or Image.

1) Select the text Layer with layer styles.

2) Click on layer > Layer Styles > Copy Layer style.

3) Select another Layer / or in another Image.

4) Click on Layer > Layer Styles > Paste Layer Style.

PASTE LAYER STYLE TO LINKED : To Paste the copied layer styles to more than one layer first link the layers by clicking on the empty box on the left side of the layer thumbnail e.g.

1) Link the Layers.

2) Click on the Layer > Layer styles> Paste Layer Style to linked.

CLEAR LAYER STYLE : To Clear all the Layer Styles.

1) Select the Layer.

2) Click on Clear Layer Styles.

GLOBAL LIGHT : To Change the direction of light & shadow in the Layer. Where Bevel,Emboss, or Drop shadow is applied.

Click on Layer > Layer Style > Global Light.

Drag and change the light direction - OK.

CREATE LAYERS : When we apply layer styles, there is only one original layer and all others are effect of that layer, To split and place each effect in individual layer - Click on layer > Layer Style > Create Layers - OK.

To split separately, Ungroup them from Layer > ungroup We can rejoin them by using Edit> Step backward command or Ctrl + Alt + Z.

SCALE EFFECTS : To apply the given effect i.e. to apply the effect applied by us in a Limited and required amount. first apply all the Layer Style and

— Click on layer > layer Style > Scale Effect.

— Enter the number of effect application.

— Click on OK.

NEW FILL LAYER : To fill a color, gradient or pattern creating a new layer on the Image.

1) COLOR : - To fill the color.

- Click on layer > New fill layer > Solid.

- Select the color - OK.

- Change layer blend modes to add effect.

2) GRADIENT : To fill the gradients in the New layers.

- The New Layers will be created automatically.

3) PATTERN : To fill the pattern instead of the Gradient. All these three functions have similar application.

NEW ADJUSTMENT LAYER : These functions are similar to image > Adjust where you can modify, the appearance of image in Color, Brightness, Color Balance, Color Inversion, and variations etc. directly on the image.

But in New adjustment Layer, The changes are applied on the New Layer specifically created by the function itself instead of direct Image.

1) Click layer >New Adjustment Layer> Levels.

2) Change the level extent.

3) Click on OK.

The other options are activated after this application.

CHANGE LAYER CONTENT : To change the just applied content of the adjustment Layer from Levels to some other e.g. Color Balance The level adjustment Layer gets converted to Color Balance, Here we can modify the color Balance Contents.

LAYER CONTENT OPTIONS : To modify again the applied extent of Color Adjustment previously. Click on the function, Modify and click on OK when satisfied .

TYPE : Type contains all the functions which are available. When we select the Text tool Only some function are different Viz.

CREATE WORKPATH : To create a text in to workpath, where you can modify, the shape of it as it comes in the Vector Base while working in paths. Then the changes can be made with the direct selection tool in the Tool Box.

CONVERT TO SHAPE : This function also work as same as the above one and to fill some color in the modified part - refer path Pen Tool.

RASTERIZE : To convert the text layer in to simple Image Layer. Where we can give some extra effect but the text becomes uneditable, because it has been converted to Image by using Rasterize command.

Click on layer > Rasterize > Type / Layer etc.

ADD LAYER MASK : To mask one Image over another Image by pasting on line.

ð Open an Image.

ð Open another Image and Move that Image Layer on pervious.

ð Make selection with Marquee Tool or LassoTool.

ð Click on Layer > Add Layer Mask > Hide Selection OR > Reveal Selection .

Reveal selection is just opposite to Hide Selection.

GROUP WITH PREVIOUS : To group one layer with its previous Layer. Here the selection Layer gets grouped with its previous layer and gets marked in it. To remove the grouping use Layer > UNGROUP.

ARRANGE :

Bring to Front : To Bring the object set behind to front.

Bring Forward : To Bring the object in front of one object.

Send to Back : To send the fore most layer to back.

Send Backward : To Send the fore Most layer to Last Back.

ALIGN LINKED : To Align all the required into one straight line weather Vertically or Horizontally to align we’ll have to first link the objects (Layers) by clicking in the empty box beside the layer thumbnail .

4 First Link the Layers to be linked.

4 Click on Layer > Align Linked.

4 Select the required link option (e.g. ) Vertical

center to align object horizontally in a Line.

4 Click OK.

DISTRIBUTE LINKED : To distribute the Aligned Objects / Layers in to equal space Horizontally or Vertically.

4 First Link the Layers.

4 Click on Layers > Distribute Linked.

4 Select Distribution Option - OK.

LOCK ALL LINKED LAYERS : To lock the positions of the layers such that we cannot move them accurately.

4 First Link all the required Layers.

4 Click on layer > Link all linked layers.

4 Check on the option All.

4 Click on OK.

To unlock them again repeat same steps - Check off the option All - Ok

MERGE DOWN : To Merge two layers such that the image from one layer gets merged with the previous i.e. Layers beneath that selected layers.

4 Select the layer.

4 Click on layer > merge down.

MERGE VISIBLE : In this function layers get excluded and other layer get merged in to the background, To hide the layers, Click on the eye beside the layers thumbnail.

4 Hide the Layers that you want to exclude.

4 click on layers > Merge visible.

4 All the visible Layers gets merged into the

background.

FLATTEN IMAGE : This command will merge all the layers directly to the background. Just click on the layer > Flatten Image.

MATTING > DEFRINGE - To spread the faded color of an image part when it is being pasted with feather.

1) Copy Image with feathers to new blank Image.

2) Click on Layer > Matting > Defringe.

3) Select the level of matting - OK.

REMOVE WHITE MATT : To remove all the color from the feather making image more darker in the Edges.

1) Copy a part of image with feathers is New.

2) click on Layer > matting > Remove white Matt.

REMOVE BLACK MATE : To remove all the black color from the feathers making Image more brighter in the edges.

1) Copy a new Image to the New Blank Image with

feathers.

2) Click on Layer > matting > Remove Black Matt.

SELECT MENU

This menu is based totally on the modification of the selection made to the Image as this modifications are needed for more and more for use. Cutting and pasting for the Raster based editing or any creation etc.

SELECT ALL : ( Ctrl + A )

To select the entire Image Just click on Select > Select All.

DESELECT : ( Ctrl + D )

To remove any type selection click on Select > Deselect or Press Ctrl + D.

RESELECT : ( Ctrl +Shift + D )

Top reselect the recently Deselected Selection Click on Select > Reselect or Press

Ctrl +Shift + D.

COLOR RANGE : To select a Particular color from the Image.

1) Click on select > Color Range.

2) Select the color you want to select from the

image.

3) E.g. Red from the drop down menu.

4) The Whole Red color from all the part of Image

gets Selected.

FEATHER : To add feather to the selection Click on Select > Feather - Enter the required value - OK.

MODIFY > BORDER : To get the selection only as a border according to the required selection thickness.

1) Make a selection with Marquee Tool.

2) Click on select > Modify > Border.

3) Enter the number (Thickness).

4) Click on OK.

5) Drag and drop to new Image with Move Tool.

MODIFY > SMOOTH : To smoothen the shape and pointed corners of the Rectangle Selection.

1) Make a rectangle selection on Image a rect

angle Marquee Tool.

2) Click on select > Modify > Smooth.

4) Enter the value of Round Corner.

5) Click on OK - You’ll get the selection with round

corners.

EXPAND : To expand the selection.

1) Make a selection.

2) Click on select > Modify > Expand.

3) Enter the number of expansion in pixels.

4) Click on OK.

CONTRACT : To contract the selection use the same step as Modify > Expand.

GROW : To Grow a selection randomly, this function will expand the selection randomly by first selecting the like color as the selection is.

1) Select the part of Image.

2) Click on Select > Grow.

3) Repeat if necessary.

SIMILAR : To select the similar color as the selection is.

1) Select the part of image is required color.

2) Click on Select > Similar.

3) This command will select all the similar color from the image.

TRANSFORM SELECTION : To scale or rotate the selection only except the selected Image, If you want to rotate a selection.

1) Make a selection with Marquee Tool.

2) Click on Select > Transform Selection.

3) Now you can resize or rotate the selection as required.

4) Press Enter to commit the transformation Or

Press Esc. to cancel the transformation.

5) Drag and drop to the new with Move tool.

SAVE SELECTION : To Save those selection that are useful in future. So any such selection which are seemed to be required in future.

Click on Select > Save Selection.

Name the selection - OK.

LOAD SELECTION : To Load back the selection those are saved by save selection.

1) Click on select > Load selection.

2) select the selection you want.

3) Click on OK.

FILTER MENU

This menu contains all the readymade filter effects which should be viewed and understood practically - To apply any filter : Keep the image active and click on filter > required filter change the extent - OK.

To repeat the previous filter press - Ctrl+F same filer usually slow down the functioning of computer on applying them.

VIEW MENU

View menu contains function which can be used for better viewing of graphic on screen. e.g. Zoom in - to Zoom Image. We can use - Guidelines and Gridlines for precise measurement.

Click and drag the guideline to image from its Ruler.

Click on View > Snap > Snap to guidelines to arrange the objects perfectly in a line with the help of guide line.

To remove the guideline click on view - Remove Guide OR / View > Show > Guides / or Drag it back to the Rulers.

GRID : Click on View > Show > Grid, to show grid.

View > Snap > Snap to Grid, to snap the objects to Grid.

WINDOW MENU

This menu contains all the panels like Layers, Channels, Paths, Navigator, Actions, History, etc. Click on the vespertine option wherever required.

Layers panel should be always kept open. Navigator can be used to Zoom in Or Zoom out to Image. Action shown all the actions and used by us.We can step backward many step using history.