Azucena was once an organizer and president of a labor union of teachers. He worked as a human resource manager in business firms and non-profit organizations for more than twenty years. He was accredited as a Fellow in Personnel Management by the Personnel Management Association of the Philippines, the umbrella organization of all human resource practitioners in the country.

Azucena has written a gamut of books and articles on labor law and labor-management relations in the Philippines. His works are often cited in decisions penned by justices of the Philippine Supreme Court. His widely published books are either required or suggested reading material in several law, business, and graduate schools in the country.


Labor Relations Reviewer Azucena Pdf Download


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Labor relations law is that which defines the status, rights andduties, and the institutional mechanisms, that govern theindividual and collective interactions of employers, employees ortheir representatives.

The working mans welfare should be the primordial and paramountconsideration. The policy is to extend the Decrees applicability toa greater number of employees to enable them to avail of thebenefits under the law, in consonance with the States avowed policyto give maximum aid and protection to labor.

The right of a laborer to sell his labor to such person as hemay choose is, in its essence, the same as the right of an employerto purchase labor from any person whom it chooses. 1.1.Right toTransfer or Discharge Employees

For example, when one speaks of employment benefits, thensurely, employment relationship is an essential element. But whenthe issue, for instance, is an indirect employers liability, thereis no employer-employee relationship and yet the pertinent LaborCode provisions find application.

Section 10 of the said law provides that Labor Arbiters shallhave the exclusive and original jurisdiction to hear and decideclaims arising out of an employer-employee relationship or byvirtue of any law or contract involving Filipino workers foroverseas employment including claims for

protection under the Labor Code and not the Civil Code. In thecase at bar, the items demanded are not labor benefits such aswages, overtime pay or separation pay, but are items claimed asnatural consequences of his dismissal (which he denominates asdamages.) POEA has no jurisdiction.

Implementing Rules (Section X, Rule 14) provide, in relation toArt. 72: There is no employer-employee relationship betweenstudents on one hand and schools, colleges or universities, on theother, where there is a written agreement between them under whichthe former agree to work for the latter in exchange for theprivilege to study free of charge, provided the students are givenreal opportunities, including such facilities as may be reasonableand necessary to finish their chosen courses under suchagreement.

provisions of the Labor Code on conditions of employment.Particularly, Rule X of Book III provides guidelines on the matterby which the powers of the Labor Secretary shall be exercised; onwhat records should be kept or maintained, etc Rule X is merely aguide to the enforcement of the substantive law on labor. The casedoes not deal with a labor dispute on conditions of employmentbetween an alleged employer and employee reliance of petitioner onthe IRR is misplaced. An IRR on labor cannot be used by an employeras a shield to avoid liability under the substantive provisions ofthe Civil Code. be457b7860

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