Mouthrinses are liquid solutions that can be used daily as part of our oral hygiene home care. Mouthrinses can be classified as cosmetic or therapeutic. Cosmetic mouthrinses serve the purpose of controlling bad breath which is a common concern for many consumers. Therapeutic mouthrinses are FDA regulated and serve the purpose of reducing plaque, gingivitis, and cavities. These can be purchased OTC or by prescription. 1 Various types of mouthrinses are available with different ingredients. 

Alcohol Based

Some mouthrinses contain alcohol as a solvent, to enhance flavor, and for a better aftertaste. Alcohol in mouthrinses can reduce bacteria that can cause cavities and gum disease. However these mouthrinses can also cause irritation, ulcers, and xerostomia. 2 Alcohol in mouthrinses can include up to 27% alcohol content. High levels of alcohol in mouthrinses are dangerous for children if swallowed and can lead to injury and even death. Some research has linked alcohol mouthrinses to the development of cancer however multiple studies have proven their safety and the ADA continues to consider these mouthrinses safe. 1

Non alcohol based mouthrinses are safe and effective mouthrinses that can provide beneficial effects to oral health. 

These mouthrinses can help prevent xerostomia and irritation caused by alcohol based mouthrinses. They are also recommended for those who have composite restorations as they are less harsh. These mouthrinses are a safe option for children to avoid the danger of alcohol based mouthrinses. This is a good option for those who are battling alcohol addictions. 3

Anti-cavity mouthrinses often contain Fluoride as their active ingredient to fight against tooth decay. Fluoride mouthrinses can prevent and slow the formation of cavities, and decrease the risk of gingivitis and gum disease. Overuse of mouthrinses containing fluoride can lead to xerostomia, tooth discoloration, allergic reactions, and irritation. 4 

Charcoal based mouthrinses have not been scientifically proven to reduce bacterial load, bad breath, cavities, gum disease, or aid in tooth whitening or remineralization. There is also no available proof to support the safety of these products. 5

Tartar (also known as calculus) is hardened deposits of bacteria in the mouth. Tartar can only be removed by a dental professional. Mouthrinses cannot remove tartar but they can prevent tartar formation when accompanied by brushing and flossing regularly. Active ingredients in mouthrinses that can prevent tartar formation are zinc chloride and pyrophsphate. 6 Mouthrinses containing chlorhexidene gluconate are also available only by prescription. These mouthrinses should be used twice a day for 60 seconds and should not be used within 30 minutes before or after brushing. 1

Antisenstivity mouthrinses have proven to be just as effective at reducing tooth sensitivity as sensitivity toothpaste. Common ingredients to look for include sodium fluoride and potassium nitrate. 7 Sodium fluoride reduces sensitivity by strengthening tooth enamel which will reduce sensitivity. Potassium nitrate is a desensitizing agent that reduces the reaction of the nerves in our teeth to stimuli. 8

The ADA does not recommend for children under the age of 6 to use mouthrinse since their chances of accidental ingestion are higher. Many mouthrinses contain fluoride which can easily lead to fluorosis, the overexposure of fluoride, in children which can cause white/brown spots on teeth and damage to the enamel. Children should not use mouthrinse until they are old enough to control swallowing. Mouthrinses for older children is beneficial to reduce plaque, strengthen enamel, decrease the risk of cavities, and freshen breath. Mouthrinse is especially beneficial to older children with braces to decrease plaque buildup. 9

1.  Brush teeth for 2 minutes

2.  Clean in between teeth using an interdental aid such as floss

3.  Follow the mouthrinse instructions for how much mouthrinse to use and swish the solution in your mouth for the indicated time, usually for 30 seconds

4.  Divide your mouth into equal quadrants and vigorously swish the product in each quadrant to ensure all surfaces are reached

5.  Vigorously force the product through the teeth to reach in between each tooth surface

6.  Spit out the mouthrinse, do not swallow or rinse with water 10

7.  Repeat twice a day