Computer System and Organization

A computer is an electronic device, under the control of instructions stored in its memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules (Program) on processor & produces information (output), and store the information for future use. 

Data V/S Information.

Data - are raw numbers or other findings which, by themselves, are of limited value. 

Information - is data that has been converted into a meaningful and useful context. 

Computers are being used extensively nowadays in everyday life/every field in the form of laptop, desktop, smartphone, gadgets etc.

Advantages of Computer System.

1. Speed 

2. Accuracy

3. Huge storage

4. Versatility

5. Tirelessness 

Disadvantages of Computer System.

1. Data security issue.

2. Cyber Crimes.

3. Health risk.

4. Bad impact on environment if not properly disposed.

Any digital computer performs five functions in gross term.

1. Take data as input 

2. Stores data/instructions

3. Process those stored data

4. Generate the output.

What are components that make the Computer System?

Any and every computer consist of these 2 things - 

1. Hardware

2. Software

What is Hardware?

Computer hardware is the collection of physical elements/parts that constitutes a computer system, such as the monitor, mouse, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk (HDD), system unit (graphic cards, sound cards, memory, motherboard and chips), etc. all of which are physical objects & can be touched. 

What is Software?

Software is a generic term for organized collections of computer data and instructions, often broken into two major categories: system software that provides the basic non-task-specific functions of the computer, and application software which is used by users to accomplish specific tasks. 

How CPU (Central Processing Unit) works

What is a Input Unit?

A device through which data and programs from the outside world enter the computer system. 

What is an Output Unit?

A device through which results stored in the computer memory are made available outside the computer system. 

What does CPU consist of?

CPU consists of 3 parts

Arithmetic Unit

Performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction Performs logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. Most modern ALUs have a small amount of special storage units called registers that can be accessed faster than main memory. 

Control Unit

It organizes the computer to work computer as single unit & generates control signals for various devices regarding read/write or execute operation.

Memory

A collection of cells, each with a unique physical address Most computers are byte-addressable Cell at address 11111110 contains 10101010

Memory Units.