B.A. in Economics and
B.S. in Engineering and Applied Science: Yale University, 1972.
M.A. in Economics: University of California at Berkeley, 1974.
Ph.D. in Economics: University of California at Berkeley, 1978.
Visiting Scholar, Nuffield College, University of Oxford (Spring 2025).
Visiting Professor, Harvard University, Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (2024).
Professor, Boğaziçi (Bosphorus) University, Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and Department of Economics (1994 to 2022).
Professor and Chair in Contemporary Turkish Studies, London School of Economics and Political Science, European Institute (2008-2013).
Visiting Professor, Northwestern University, Departments of Economics and History (2007).
Visiting Professor, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, Department of History (1997).
Visiting Associate Professor, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Department of Economics (1990, 1991).
Visiting Associate Professor, Princeton University, Department of Near Eastern Studies (1990-91 and 1993-94)
Assistant Professor and Associate Professor, Villanova University, Department of Economics (1983-1993).
Visiting Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania, Department of Economics (1980-1981).
Assistant Professor, University of Ankara, Department of Economics (1978-83).