Goodna station opened in 1874, when the line opened between Ipswich and Brisbane. Between 1885 and 1887, the line through the station was duplicated. The line was electrified through the station from Darra to Ipswich on 20 September 1980. The station was repaired in 2011 as the platform, station amenities and signaling were damaged during the 2011 floods.
Goodna is named after the local aboriginal word for dung which was as a result of a translation mistake.
Goodna station has two platforms consisting of an island platform. Platform 1 is for inbound services and platform 2 is for outbound services.
Goodna station has two station entrances. One is on Peel Street and the other is the overpass over the Ipswich Motorway to Mill Street.
Goodna station does have disability access.
There are bus stops outside the station on Peel Street serving nearby suburbs. The routes that serve Goodna are routes 463, 500, 522 and 524.