• BO (Battery Operated) Motors are simple DC motors which can be run by arduino with the help of L293D Motor Driver IC

• These motors can be used in projects where rotation is required.

• These motors have wide variety of applications in making projects like robots, vehicles, etc.

• Check out this link below to know how a BO motor can be used in a project:

https://www.instructables.com/Interfacing-Motors-With-Arduino/

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/projects/control-a-motor-with-an-arduino/

• DC Geared Motor works similarly as BO motors. Only difference is these motors have higher torque compared to BO motors.

• Check out this link provide below to know more about DC geared motor, its types how you can use a DC geared motor in a project.

https://www.islproducts.com/design-notes/dc-motor-dc-gear-motor-basics/

https://roboindia.com/tutorials/motor-driver-arduino/

• Stepper motor is a brushless DC motor that rotates in steps. This is very useful because it can be precisely positioned without any feedback sensor, which represents an open-loop controller.

• The stepper motor consists of a rotor that is generally a permanent magnet and it is surrounded by the windings of the stator. As we activate the windings step by step in a particular order and let a current flow through them they will magnetize the stator and make electromagnetic poles respectively that will cause propulsion to the motor.

• Stepper Motors are used where motion is required in small steps. This motor provides minimum angle movement and is very useful in achieving precision and accuracy in the machines like 3D Printer or in robotic arm projects.

• To know more about the working principle, types and application of a stepper motor, click on the links below:

https://www.elprocus.com/stepper-motor-types-advantages-applications/

https://www.monolithicpower.com/stepper-motors-basics-types-uses

https://howtomechatronics.com/how-it-works/electrical-engineering/stepper-motor/

https://www.instructables.com/id/Controlling-a-Stepper-Motor-with-an-Arduino/

• A servo motor is a linear or rotary actuator that provides fast precision position control for closed-loop position control applications. Servo motors have a high speed response due to low inertia and are designed with small diameter and long rotor length.

• Servo motors work on servo mechanism that uses position feedback to control the speed and final position of the motor. Internally, a servo motor combines a motor, feedback circuit, controller and other electronic circuit.

• Servo Motor are the motors which can rotate in between 0 to 180 degrees.

• To know more about the working principle and application of a servo motor, click on the links below:

https://www.elprocus.com/servo-motor/

https://www.electronicshub.org/servo-motors/

https://www.arduino.cc/en/tutorial/sweep

• Vibration motors are compact in size and are useful when there is an application of alerting the user without making sound.

• Vibration Motors are the mechanical devices used to develop vibrations. The generation of vibration has happened with the support of an electric motor having an inequitable mass on its driveshaft. It is a miniature sized DC motor that lets the user know the sound through vibrations.

• To know more about the working principle and application of a vibration motor, click on the links below:

https://www.elprocus.com/vibrator-motor-working-and-applications/

https://www.watelectrical.com/the-design-working-and-the-detailed-scenarios-of-vibrator-motor/

https://www.precisionmicrodrives.com/content/how-to-drive-a-vibration-motor-with-arduino-and-genuino/

• The working principle of a water pump mainly depends upon the positive displacement principle as well as kinetic energy to push the water. These pumps use AC power otherwise DC power for energizing the motor of the water pump.

• The water pump module is a portable device which can be used in several household applications. These are used to pump water from one place to another.

• To know how to use to use water pump module in a project, click on the link below:

https://www.instructables.com/id/Automatically-water-your-small-indoor-plant-using-/

• This LCD Display is an output device in which is used to display text or number as output.

• To know more about the hardware overview, LCD pinout and how to use an LCD with Arduino, click on the links below:

https://lastminuteengineers.com/arduino-1602-character-lcd-tutorial/

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HelloWorld

• Buzzer module is an output device from which we can hear sound. buzzer has two pins positive and negative it can be programmed by Arduino.

• To know more about the working of a buzzer module and how we can use this module with Arduino, click on the links below:

https://startingelectronics.org/tutorials/arduino/modules/active-buzzer/

https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-YL-44-Buzzer-module/

• RGB LED stands for Red Green Blue LED, it can be used as an output indicator.

• To produce other colors, you can combine the three colors in different intensities. To adjust the intensity of each LED you can use a PWM signal.

• Because the LEDs are very close to each other, our eyes see the result of the combination of colors, rather than the three colors individually.

• To know more about the working process of RGB LED and hoe to use RGB LED with Arduino, click on the links below:

https://randomnerdtutorials.com/electronics-basics-how-do-rgb-leds-work/

https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-three-rgb-led-and-its-working/

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/S3b/4-pin-rgb-led-module-aa5fa6

• Relay is a device which can be used as an electronic switch. If you want to control any component working on higher voltage, with 5 V of Arduino, you can do it using Relay Module.

• It works on the principle of an electromagnetic attraction. When the circuit of the relay senses the fault current, it energizes the electromagnetic field which produces the temporary magnetic field. This magnetic field moves the relay armature for opening or closing the connections.

• Relays can single channeled or multichannel.

• To know more about single channel relay and its integration with Arduino, click on the link below:

https://lastminuteengineers.com/one-channel-relay-module-arduino-tutorial/

• To know more about 2 channel relay and its integration with Arduino, click on the link below:

https://lastminuteengineers.com/two-channel-relay-module-arduino-tutorial/

• The 7-segment display, also written as “seven segment display”, consists of seven LEDs (hence its name) arranged in a rectangular fashion as shown. Each of the seven LEDs is called a segment because when illuminated the segment forms part of a numerical digit (both Decimal and Hex) to be displayed. An additional 8th LED is sometimes used within the same package thus allowing the indication of a decimal point, (DP) when two or more 7-segment displays are connected together to display numbers greater than ten.

• To know more about the working process and uses in different projects, click on the links below:

https://lastminuteengineers.com/seven-segment-arduino-tutorial/

https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/blog/7-segment-display-tutorial.html

https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/arduino_uno_cool/create-a-7-segment-display-254ebe