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Because there is no 鈥渕iddle-aged gain鈥? it is often regarded as a sign of health.However, seeing my parents getting thinner and thinner, panting when going up the stairs, and even falling down... feeling like "getting thinner with old age" is not a good thing.In fact, "losing weight with old age" is not necessarily a normal phenomenon. One of the common causes is "sarcopenia".What is sarcopenia?Sarcopenia is closely related to age. As age increases, the function of various organs in the elderly decreases, hormone levels change, and activity decreases, which can lead to decreased exercise ability, loss of muscle mass, and decrease in muscle strength.This type of sarcopenia that is only related to age is called primary sarcopenia and usually occurs in the elderly.The prevalence of sarcopenia in people aged 80 and above is as high as 67%[1].It is associated with increased disability, falls, fractures, and mortality.Some people may ask: Is sarcopenia a complete geriatric disease?Not entirely, young people can get it too.Secondary sarcopenia refers to sarcopenia caused by exercise, nutrition and disease. It may appear in all ages and is closely related to many basic diseases.What are the symptoms of sarcopenia?How is sarcopenia diagnosed?The symptoms of sarcopenia include weakness, difficulty walking, slow gait, easy falling, thin limbs, and disability.Whether it is an elderly person at home or an adult who is too thin, they can use the following methods to do a preliminary self-assessment: 1Initial self-screeningCompare the simple five-item SARC-F questionnaire as a preliminary self-screening tool: If the SARC-F scale is 鈮? points, you need to go to a medical institution for further evaluation.2Measuring calf circumferenceCalf circumference can reflect muscle mass to a certain extent, so a working group recommends that the SARC-F scale combined with calf circumference will be more accurate in screening high-risk groups for sarcopenia.If the calf circumference is 3Go to a medical institution for professional testingTools for assessing physical function include the 400-meter walking test, the time to sit up 5 times, the Simple Physical Fitness Scale (SPPB), and the stand-up and walk timed test.Doctors will choose these screening and diagnostic tools based on the specific conditions of the elderly.The specific process is as follows [2-3]:Parents are getting thinner and thinnerWhat other possible reasons are there?There are many reasons why parents become thin. In addition to parents' subjective and deliberate weight control, the reasons for the elderly's gradual weight loss may also include [4]:鈼?Economic poverty or poor eating habits lead to insufficient nutritional intake;鈼?Long-term bed rest and lack of strength training lead to muscle disuse atrophy;鈼?Physical factors such as malignant tumors, diabetes, infection, chronic kidney disease, and gastrointestinal diseases;鈼廝sychological factors such as dementia and depression;鈼廝hysiological factors such as decreased sense of smell and taste in the elderly, delayed gastric emptying;鈼?Drugs such as diuretics, digoxin, etc.Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively investigate the specific reasons why the elderly become thin, weak, and prone to falls.How to prevent and treat sarcopenia?The prevention methods of sarcopenia are the common "health regimen" and "exercise" we talk about: 1. Improve bad lifestyle and habits, such as quitting smoking and drinking, and avoiding sitting for long periods of time; dietary intervention, such as a balanced diet and avoiding picky eaters. It is recommended that clinical nutrition departments evaluate nutritional status and formulate nutritional treatment plans if necessary [5]; 2. Exercise intervention, appropriately increase resistance and aerobic exercise, such as swimming, Tai Chi, stretching, and balance exercises, to improve body function.Can active exercise now prevent sarcopenia in old age?Exercise is effective at any time. Exercise can reverse or prevent the occurrence of sarcopenia [6-11].Exercise appears to be the most effective way to improve quality of life and function in older adults, even very old or frail adults.Resistance exercise can increase muscle mass and strength, especially through progressive resistance exercise, such as squats, rowing, pull-ups, planks, etc. It is recommended to increase the intensity as physical fitness improves.Resistance exercise can improve the physical function of the elderly.If the elderly have cardiopulmonary disease or other taboos that are not suitable for resistance exercise, they can choose aerobic exercise such as slow walking, aerobics, Tai Chi, etc., which is beneficial to improving cardiovascular health and increasing endurance.The combination of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can further improve muscle strength and muscle function, and is very important for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.As for the treatment of sarcopenia, it is relatively limited. At present, there is not enough evidence-based support for drug treatment of sarcopenia.Some studies believe that protein supplementation, growth hormone, testosterone replacement therapy and certain selective androgen receptor modulators are promising potential treatments, but their clinical application requires further evidence-based research [12].Therefore, it is very important to prevent problems before they occur. This requires children to pay attention to their parents' situation in time and use self-screening tools to detect abnormalities as early as possible.References[1]. UPTODATE Database: Geriatric Nutrition: Nutritional Issues in the Elderly[2]. Wittert GA, Chapman IM, Haren MT, et al. Oral testosterone supplementation increases muscle and decreases fat mass in healthy elderly males with low-normal gonadal status. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003;58:618.[3]. Revised European Definition and Diagnosis of Sarcopenia (EWGSOP2).[4].UPTODATE Database: Sarcopenia.[5]. Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Consensus on Sarcopenia [J]. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Diseases,2016,26(11):1689-1693.[6]. N. Montero-Fernandez, J.A. Serra-RexachRole of exercise on sarcopenia in the elderly, Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 49 (2013), pp. 131-143[7]. T.J. Marcell Sarcopenia:causes, consequences, and preventions J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 58 (2003), pp. M911-M916[8]. V. Malafarina, F. Uriz-Otano, R. Iniesta, L. Gil-Guerrero Sarcopenia in the elderly: diagnosis, physipathology and treatment[9].resistance strength training reduce physical disability in older adults? A meta-analysis study, Disabil Rehabil, 33 (2011), pp. 87-97[10]. L.A. Burton, D. Sumukadas Optimal management of sarcopenia. Clin Interv Aging, 5 (2010), pp. 217-228[11]. M.D. Peterson,M.R. Rhea, A. Sen, P.M. Gordon. Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 9 (2010), pp. 226-237.[12]. Dalton JT, Barnette KG, Bohl CE, et al. The selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024 (enobosarm) improves lean body mass and physical function in healthy elderly menand postmenopausal women: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2011; 2:153.Planned and produced