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The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) is a short structured diagnostic interview, developed jointly by psychiatrists and clinicians in the United States and Europe, for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. With an administration time of approximately 15 minutes, it was designed to meet the need for a short but accurate structured psychiatric interview for multicenter clinical trials and epidemiology studies and to be used as a first step in outcome tracking in nonresearch clinical settings. The authors describe the development of the M.I.N.I. and its family of interviews: the M.I.N.I.-Screen, the M.I.N.I.-Plus, and the M.I.N.I.-Kid. They report on validation of the M.I.N.I. in relation to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Patient Version, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and expert professional opinion, and they comment on potential applications for this interview.

The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was designed as a brief structured diagnostic interview for the major psychiatric disorders in DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and DSM-5 and ICD-10. Validation and reliability studies have been done comparing the MINI to the SCID-P for DSM-III-R and the CIDI (a structured interview developed by the World Health Organization). The results of these studies show that the MINI has similar reliability and validity properties to both these instruments, but can be administered in a much shorter period of time (mean 18.7 11.6 minutes, median 15 minutes) than the above referenced instruments. Clinicians can use it after a brief training session. Lay interviewers require more extensive training. The MINI has been translated into over 70 languages.

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The M.I.N.I. was developed by Sheehan et al. [14] to explore some psychiatric disorders according to the DSM and ICD diagnostic criteria. Every few years, the M.I.N.I. is updated and validated versions in other languages also become available [14]. Initially, the M.I.N.I. was designed to meet the need for a short yet valid and reliable psychiatric interview for multicenter clinical trials and epidemiological studies. However, in recent years, the assessment tool is also being used in humanitarian aid and global health settings [7]. The M.I.N.I. is particularly attractive since it offers a fee waiver for researchers and clinicians who will use the assessment to assist refugees or victims of terrorism (for more information see -international-neuropsychiatric-interview-mini/). This stipulation may be more relevant now than ever, as refugee groups resettle worldwide.

A sample of 102 participants was recruited between April 2019 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria were defined as age between 18 and 75 years and native Arabic speakers. Initially, two interviewers received in-depth structured training and supervision by two licensed psychologists to ensure consistency in the administration of the interview process. In the next step, participants received an information sheet about the study aims and were asked for their interest in participation. Throughout the whole study process, participants were encouraged to ask any questions that remain unclear. Participants who were interested and willing to participate gave their signed informed consent before any trial-related procedures were conducted. Study participation was voluntary, and no monetary compensation was provided. In the next step, participant symptomatology was assessed by using rater-based and self-rated measures, including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). All assessments were conducted in Arabic. In parallel, participants were also seen by an Arabic-speaking licensed psychiatrist for a diagnostic assessment and consultation. Three separate psychiatrists were available in rotation at the outpatient clinic. Both interviewers and the psychiatrist were blind to the diagnosis of each other. The whole assessment procedure took between 60 and 90 min. The study was approved by the ethics committee of Charit - Universittsmedizin Berlin, Germany, and is in line with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Recent studies have highlighted that patients from a Muslim cultural background may experience feelings of discomfort when alone with a therapist from the opposite gender [38], sometimes resulting in an inaccurate representation of symptoms during psychiatric evaluation. In the present study, gender may have played a role in participant responses. Matching gender between psychiatrists and patients was not always possible in the expert interviews, whereas there was more flexibility in the administration of the M.I.N.I.. Since the M.I.N.I. was designed to be administered by non-specialists, it provides an efficient solution to the shortage of available specialized professional care, who sometimes lack the language skills and cultural competence training needed in diagnosing Arabic-speaking populations. Taken together, these reports may explain the slight to moderate Kappa values when comparing the M.I.N.I.-AR and expert diagnoses. Nonetheless, the specific effect of matching gender was not within the scope of this paper, however, it may be interesting to assess this in future validation studies.

The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.) is a short structured clinical interview which enables researchers to make diagnoses of psychiatric disorders according to DSM-IV or ICD-10.[1] [1] The administration time of the interview is approximately 15 minutes and was designed for epidemiological studies and multicenter clinical trials.

Another factor that may be important in accounting for cases of depression among patients with COPD is the method used to identify depression. Despite numerous reports of a higher prevalence of depression in patients with COPD, it is important to recognize that most studies analyze the symptoms of depression without emphasizing the diagnosis [5, 8]. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the influence of depression using a diagnostic tool, the mini international neuropsychiatric interview plus (MINI), rather than an analysis of the symptoms, to determine the effect of depression on functional capacity and quality of life among patients with COPD.

Some details of the present study that may help in understanding the results are described as follows. This study used a structured interview for the diagnosis of depression, performed by only one trained psychiatrist, who was blinded to the evaluation results from the functional tests performed by the physiotherapist or the pulmonary function results performed by the pulmonologist. In addition to the structured interview, this study also administered a quality of life questionnaire specific to COPD. Moreover, a broad-scoped assessment of functional capacity was performed by a physical therapist who had no knowledge regarding the results of the psychiatric evaluation. This study used a population from a clinical setting in a cross-sectional study. Some limitations exist in this study. Because this was a cross-sectional study, it was not possible to establish causal relationships to support the existence of a temporal sequence between the exposure factor and the subsequent development of the disease. Additionally, this work was carried out with a sample of convenience, which may limit the ability of our results to be generalized.

Package of 25 Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) screening forms and scoring tool. This short structured diagnostic interview was developed jointly by psychiatrists and clinicians in the United States, for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. With an administration time of approximately 15 minutes, it was designed to meet the need for a short but accurate structured psychiatric interview. The need for this tool at every mental health facility is imperative. It is extremely accurate.

Psychiatrists and clinicians in the US and Europe developed the MINI to establish a diagnostic interview for DSM-IV psychiatric disorders (Sheehan et al. 1997; Sheehan et al. 1998). The advantages of this tool include being short, inexpensive, easy to administer, and highly sensitive and specific (Sheehan et al. 1998) to diagnostic verification. It has been translated to several languages, and its validity and reliability were examined in the Italian (Rossi et al. 2004), Japanese (Otsubo et al. 2005), Arabic (Kadri et al. 2005), Norwegian (Mordal et al. 2010) and many other countries. Specifically, the MINI has been a widely used tool in the Arab region for diagnosing postpartum depression (Hamdan and Tamim 2011), (Hamdan and Tamim 2012), alcohol abuse and dependence, (Yazbek et al. 2014) and post-traumatic stress disorder (Kazour et al. 2017). The enhanced version (MINI, version 6) for schizophrenia and psychotic disorders gives a more detailed diagnosis on the different types of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform and brief psychotic disorder (Amorim et al. 1998). This corresponding module of the enhanced MINI6, Module K, (MINI6-Mod-K) was translated and linguistically validated by our team to have a gold standard diagnostic measure of psychotic disorders in our studies (Yeha et al. 2016).

MINI6-Mod-K includes two sections, part 1 examines the presence of psychotic symptoms, rules out that these symptoms are due to a medical condition or substance abuse, assesses social and occupational dysfunctions and disability due to psychosis, and finally assesses the duration of these symptoms. Part 2 rules out the presence of a clinical mood disorder occurring concurrently with the psychotic episodes (Amorim et al. 1998). For the PANSS, the information is derived from a semi-structured Clinical Interview (SCI-PANSS) and reports of family members and treatment team (Kay 1991). Following the interview, 30 items (7 for positive symptoms, 7 for negative symptoms, and 16 for general psychopathology) are rated using a 7-point rating system (1-absent, 2-minimal, 3-mild, 4-moderate, 5-moderate-severe, 6-severe, and 7-extreme) (Kay et al. 1987). Ratings of the scale are based on information and symptoms pertaining to the previous week. be457b7860