Basic Computer Training
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WEEK 1
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
The term “computer” comes from word “to compute,” meaning to calculate.
A computer is a device designed to perform arithmetic operations rapidly. It processes data—numbers, letters, symbols, etc.—and can store, process, and retrieve it as needed. Essentially, computers are also known as “data processors” because they transform data into information.
"कंप्यूटर" शब्द की उत्पत्ति "to compute" शब्द से हुई है, जिसका अर्थ है गणना करना।
कंप्यूटर एक ऐसा उपकरण है जिसे तेज़ी से अंकगणितीय कार्य करने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया है।
यह डेटा — जैसे संख्या, अक्षर, प्रतीक आदि — को प्रोसेस करता है और आवश्यकतानुसार उसे संग्रहित (store), संसाधित (process), और पुनः प्राप्त (retrieve) कर सकता है।
असल में, कंप्यूटर को "डेटा प्रोसेसर" भी कहा जाता है क्योंकि यह डेटा को सूचना (Information) में परिवर्तित करता है।
USE OF COMPUTER IN OUR DAILY LIFE
USE OF COMPUTER IN OUR DAILY LIFE
How Computers Help Us in Daily Life
Computers make our work easier, help us talk to people, and give us a lot of information. Today, computers are very useful in both personal and work life.
Let’s see how computers help us every day:
a) Communication – Talking and Staying in Touch
We can send messages, emails, and do video calls anytime.
Social media apps help us stay connected with friends and family.
b) Creativity and Hobbies – Fun and Learning New Things
We can draw, write stories, make designs, or edit photos and videos.
We can learn cooking, music, dance, or crafts by watching online videos.
c) Education – Easy Learning
Students attend online classes, watch tutorials, and find study material.
E-books, educational videos, and websites help us learn more.
d) Entertainment – Fun Time
We can watch movies, listen to music, and play games.
We can also create our own content like YouTube videos or songs.
e) Money and Banking – Managing Our Money
We can check our bank accounts, pay bills, and shop online.
Apps help us track how much we spend and save.
f) Health and Fitness – Staying Healthy
Fitness apps help us track our steps, exercise, and diet.
We can also talk to doctors online without going to the clinic.
g) Navigation – Finding Places
Maps and GPS apps show us directions.
We can search for nearby restaurants, hospitals, petrol pumps, etc.
h) News and Information – Knowing What’s Happening
We can read news and stay updated with the world.
Search engines like Google help us find answers quickly.
i) Shopping – Buying Things Easily
Online websites let us buy anything from clothes to gadgets.
We can compare prices and get the best deals.
j) Work and Productivity – Getting Things Done
People can work from home using apps like Zoom, Google Meet, or Teams.
Computers help us make timetables, reminders, and organize our work.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
Speed:
👉 A computer works very fast. It can do millions of calculations in just a few seconds.
Hard Work (Diligence):
👉 A computer never gets tired. It can keep working for hours without stopping.
Multi-use (Versatility):
👉 A computer can do many things — like help us study, play games, design pictures, write programs, run businesses, and even help in robots and smart machines.
Big Storage (Storage Capacity):
👉 A computer can store a lot of information — like stories, pictures, videos, and songs — and find them quickly when needed.
Correctness (Accuracy):
👉 A computer gives the right answers every time. It does not make mistakes unless we give it the wrong information. This is why banks, hospitals, and scientists use computers for important work.
💻📜 History of Computer – कंप्यूटर का इतिहास
Computer aaj jitna smart hai, utna hi interesting iska history bhi hai!
Chaliye chhoti aur mazedaar journey pe chalte hain jahan hum dekhenge ki computer kaise develop hua.
🔹 1. Early Days – Jab Computer Sirf Imagination Tha
Sabse pehla idea ek machine ka tha jo calculation kare.
📌 1642: Blaise Pascal ne ek machine banayi thi jo add aur subtract kar sakti thi – isse Pascaline bola gaya.
😄 Fun Fact: Tab log sochte the ki machine bas haath se chalne wali hoti hai… koi bhi AI wali baat unke dimaag ke bahar thi!
Section 2
Section 2
2. Charles Babbage – Father of Computer
2. Charles Babbage – Father of Computer
🧠 1822: Charles Babbage ne banayi Difference Engine, aur baad mein design kiya Analytical Engine – yeh ek aisa computer tha jo program follow kar sakta tha.
💬 Fun Line: Agar Charles Babbage ko Instagram milta, toh shayad unka username hota @OGComputerPapa 😅
Section 3
Section 3
3. Ada Lovelace – First Programmer
3. Ada Lovelace – First Programmer
👩💻 Ada Lovelace ne Babbage ke machine ke liye sabse pehla program likha – isiliye unhe First Computer Programmer mana jata hai.
🤓 Inspiration Alert: Ek ladki ne programming ki shuruaat ki… Girls in tech, go rock it! 💪💻
Section 4
Section 4
4. First Generation Computers (1940s–1950s)
4. First Generation Computers (1940s–1950s)
💡 Yeh computers vacuum tubes se banaye gaye the – bohot bade aur slow hote the.
📌 Example: ENIAC – duniya ka pehla general-purpose computer.
⚠️ Size: Ek pura room bhar jaata tha!😂 Funny Fact: Ek ENIAC ko thanda rakhne ke liye AC chalana padta tha 24x7 — lagta tha jaise woh ek VIP guest ho!
Section 5
Section 5
5. Second Generation (1950s–60s)
5. Second Generation (1950s–60s)
Vacuum tubes ki jagah aaye transistors – computers ab chhote hone lage, aur thode tez bhi.
🧊 Speed upgrade! Matlab yeh computers coffee se thoda fast response dete the! ☕
Section 6
Section 6
🔹 6. Third Generation (1960s–70s)
Ab aaye integrated circuits (ICs) – jinhone computers ko aur chhota, aur smart bana diya.
Example: IBM 360 series.
Section 7
Section 7
7. Fourth Generation (1970s–Now)
7. Fourth Generation (1970s–Now)
Is generation mein aaye microprocessors – yeh woh chhoti chip hai jo aaj tumhare mobile, laptop sab mein hoti hai.
📱 Example: Intel, AMD processors
💻 Home computers aaye – jaise Apple I, Apple II, IBM PC
Section 8
Section 8
7. Fourth Generation (1970s–Now)
7. Fourth Generation (1970s–Now)
Is generation mein aaye microprocessors – yeh woh chhoti chip hai jo aaj tumhare mobile, laptop sab mein hoti hai.
📱 Example: Intel, AMD processors
💻 Home computers aaye – jaise Apple I, Apple II, IBM PC
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
Conclusion
Computers enrich everyday life by making tasks easier, faster, and more efficient. Whether for communication, education, or entertainment, they are an essential part of modern living.
Basic Components of a Computer System
Basic Components of a Computer System
A computer system works like a team, where each part plays a special role. The three main components that help the computer function properly are:
1. Input Devices
1. Input Devices
Input devices are the tools we use to give instructions or data to the computer. These devices help us communicate with the computer.
Examples of Input Devices:
Keyboard – Used to type letters, numbers, and symbols.
Mouse – Helps to click, drag, and select things on the screen.
Scanner – Converts paper documents into digital form.
Microphone – Sends sound to the computer.
Webcam – Sends video and images.
Purpose: They allow users to enter data or commands into the computer system.
2. Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Processing Unit (CPU)
The Processing Unit is the brain of the computer. It processes the input we give and turns it into useful output. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs all the calculations and decision-making.
Main Parts of CPU:
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – Performs calculations (like addition, subtraction) and logical operations (like comparing values).
CU (Control Unit) – Controls how data moves within the computer and manages the activities of all parts.
Registers & Cache – Small memory areas inside the CPU for quick data storage.
Purpose: To process the data received from input devices and control the entire computer system.
3. Output Devices
3. Output Devices
Output devices show the result of the computer's work. After processing the data, the computer sends the result to an output device so the user can see, hear, or feel it.
Examples of Output Devices:
Monitor (Screen) – Displays text, images, and videos.
Printer – Gives the output on paper.
Speakers – Play sounds or music.
Projector – Shows screen content on a large surface.
Purpose: They provide the result or feedback of the processed data in a form understandable by users.
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