Authors: A. K. J. Saudagar, S. S. Swapnil, S. K. Sarker, A. B. Dibya, M. T. Islam, M. A.–T. Roni, H. A. Al sagri, and K. Muhammad
Invention Details: In this invention, our system is designed for precise speed control and reliable track adherence, using real-time line type detection to anticipate and adjust speed, even at high velocities. A novel data generation module produces diverse training images for a Support Vector Classifier, enhancing adaptability across track conditions. The system features an advanced adaptive image processing technique, optimized for small-scale microcontrollers, ensuring accurate line type prediction under different lighting conditions. A unique speed calibration method calculates base speed using the surface’s frictional constant and IR sensor data. PID parameters adjust dynamically based on the generated error from the current position of the IR sensor array for smooth navigation on both straight and curved tracks. Integrating Herringbone gear and advanced bearings provides robustness, along with silicon tires which ensure superior traction and durability, boosting system robustness for high-performance applications.
Authors: A. B. Dibya, S. K. Sarker, and T. Ahmed
Short Abstract: This study explores the integration of Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) into microgrid systems, optimizing charging and discharging schedules to maximize profitability. A Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm with dynamic decision boundary adjustments is proposed for improved power flow management. Performance comparisons with the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm in Battery-to-Grid (B2G) and non-B2G scenarios show that MPSO increases daily profits by $27. The findings highlight the potential of advanced BSS scheduling to enhance microgrid efficiency, support renewable energy integration, and improve economic outcomes.
Short Abstract: Integrating Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) with distributed energy resources (DER) offers a practical solution to issues like high costs, grid instability, and carbon emissions faced by traditional grid-powered systems. Microgrid-based BSS allow faster EV charging using renewable energy while also acting as backup power sources during emergencies. This study explores the benefits of combining BSS with Battery-to-Grid (B2G) systems, using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) to optimize power flow. A comparison between B2G and non-B2G setups shows that this approach improves EV performance and strengthens the grid, highlighting its potential for future transportation and energy applications.