In a letter to agency commissioners Wednesday, New York state Budget Director Blake Washington Wednesday said budget requests should not exceed what was approved in this year's $229 billion budget. This is what's known as the annual "call letter" outlining the governor's priorities and any fiscal constraints.

The state Division of Budget is projecting budget gaps totaling $36 billion over the next three years. Those break down to $9.1 billion next year, $13.9 billion for following year and $13.4 billion for the year after that. The gaps are $15 billion higher than previous projections and the Division of the Budget points to decreasing tax revenue and federal aid while spending increases.

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The state budget is required to be balanced by law. Budget deficits fluctuate and are based on expectations of revenue and spending targets as they stand now. New York's reserve funds are up to $19.5 billion after investments over the last five years. However, Washington outlines Gov. Kathy Hochul does not want to raise taxes or rely on reserve funds.

"Acknowledging our fiscal constraints while ensuring fundamental public services and programs are preserved is the task ahead," Washington writes. "The road to a balanced budget might seem daunting, but I am confident that through sound decision-making, strategic investments, and fiscal discipline, we can continue to show the compassion, care, and leadership that New York is known for."

Call letters are official notifications of upcoming events and/or educational opportunities. These call letters are posted as information is finalized and available for publishing. You may find the calendar of events (subject to change) for the entire year by clicking here.

The UAW Education Department will host its annual Employee Assistance Conference during June 9-14, 2024. The conference will be held at The Walter and May Reuther UAW Family Education Center in Onaway, Michigan.

The 37th Annual International UAW Chaplaincy Conference will be held at the Walter and May Reuther UAW Family Education Center from June 2-7, 2024. The 37th UAW Chaplaincy Conference will provide resources and training that the delegates will use to support our union, employees, membership, and leadership through the challenges that occur at our locals, regions, places of work, and communities throughout the year!

The UAW Education Department will host its annual Community Services Committee Conference during June 9-14, 2024. The conference will be held at The Walter and May Reuther UAW Family Education Center in Onaway, Michigan.

Yesterday, EVCP Paul Alivisatos released the FY2018-19 budget call letter. Please work with your Dean or Vice Chancellor to draft and distribute your divisional call letter to share with your leadership team.

AM, FM, TV and shortwave broadcasting stations can request their own call letters, as long as they are unique. The FCC policy covering broadcasting stations limits them to call signs that start with a "K" or a "W", with "K" call signs generally reserved for stations west of the Mississippi River, and "W" limited to stations east of the river. Amateur stations can receive call signs starting with all of the letters "A", "K", "N", and "W". Formerly, prefixes beginning with "A" were exclusively assigned to U.S. Army stations and prefixes beginning with "N" to U.S. Navy stations.

Although most transmitters regulated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) are issued call signs for their official identification, the general public is most familiar with the ones used by radio and TV broadcasting stations. However, there is a wide variety in how much emphasis stations give to their call signs; for some it is the primary way they establish public identity, while others largely ignore their call signs, considering a moniker or slogan to be more easily remembered by listeners (and those filling in diaries for the Nielsen Audio ratings measurement). In the United States, the only time broadcasting stations are required to mention their call signs is during station identification announcements, made at a "natural break in programming" as close to the beginning of each hour as possible.[1]

Television stations have the option of displaying a small graphic or text ("digital on-screen graphic" or "bug") at the bottom of the screen listing their call sign, community of license, and other identifying information. Sometimes station identification is displayed non-intrusively in small type during short promotions, either for an upcoming show or their next local newscast (even incorporating these identifications at the start of newscasts), that air just before the top of each hour. FM stations with HD Radio digital subchannels must individually identify each program stream, but do not need to do so in any particular form; most licensees use the form "WXXX HD2", but this is not part of their call sign.

A few AM stations have had the same call letters for 100 years or more: KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has been in continuous use since 1920, while WBZ in Boston, KYW in Philadelphia, and KWG in Stockton, California, all date back to 1921. At the other extreme, reflecting multiple changes in ownership and format, are stations which have changed call letters numerous times, for example KXFN in Saint Louis, Missouri, has switched ten times since 1925.[2]

While the earliest radio call signs were randomly or sequentially assigned and intended merely to distinguish transmitters, they soon became an important part of a station's identity, and since the mid-1920s government regulators have allowed station owners to choose their own. Thousands of radio and TV stations have been established, with a wide variety of reasons for choosing particular call signs.[3] Some common categories include:

Following a practice inaugurated in 1912 when the federal government first licensed radio stations, beginning in 1921 broadcasting stations have generally been assigned call signs beginning with "K" when their community of license is located in the west, and with "W" in the east. (The FCC proposed ending this policy in 1987, in order to allow unrestricted assignments of K and W stations throughout the country. However, it was decided to retain the rule due to industry objections.)[4]

The original boundary line ran northward from the Texas-New Mexico border. In early 1923 the boundary was moved to its present location of the Mississippi River, in order to better balance the populations in the two regions.[5] The geographical separation of "K" and "W" prefixes applies only to radio and television broadcasting stations, and is not followed for weather radio, highway advisory radio, or time signal stations; nor does it apply to auxiliary licenses held by broadcast stations, such as studio-transmitter links and inter-city relay stations.

For stations located in U.S. possessions, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands are considered to be east of the Mississippi River, and all their stations have been given standard "W" call signs. The Pacific Ocean territories of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa are considered to be in western "K" territory, although assignments here have been less consistent. Currently all but one of these stations have "K" calls; the exception is WVUV-FM in Fagaitua, American Samoa, which received its call while it was paired with a since-deleted AM station, WVUV.

The 1923 boundary shift meant that a number of existing stations with "W" call letters were located in a section of country that was now being issued "K" call letters, but these earlier stations were allowed to keep their now non-standard call signs. Examples of these stations include WBAP (Fort Worth, Texas), and WDAF-FM and WDAF-TV (Kansas City, Missouri), which inherited their calls from the original WDAF (now KCSP).

Although a long established convention, the K-W division has not always been rigidly followed, and over the years a few exceptions have accumulated. One prominent example is KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which was licensed in 1920 during a short period when new land stations were issued call signs from a block of letters that previously had been reserved for ship stations.[6] Another is KYW, which was originally launched in Chicago by the Westinghouse corporation in 1921 and later moved to Philadelphia, with the call sign temporarily transferred to Cleveland from 1956 to 1965. The FCC has also been lenient in the case of relocations that result in a station moving to the other side of the boundary, especially when close to the Mississippi River, and in the two states that are divided by the river: Minnesota and Louisiana.[7] The most extreme example occurred in 2013, when television station KJWP was allowed to keep its callsign even after moving from Jackson, Wyoming to Wilmington, Delaware; the station changed its callsign to WDPN-TV in 2018.

Starting in 1921, most broadcasting stations were assigned three-letter call signs. However, within a few years there would be hundreds of stations, and there were not enough three-letter calls to go around, so beginning in April and May 1922 most new broadcasting stations were instead issued four-letter calls. Over the next few years a small number of additional three-letter calls were authorized, with the final grant made in 1930 to WIS in Columbia, South Carolina.

In the past, base three-letter calls could only be shared by stations located in the same community and under common ownership. A prominent dispute involving this issue occurred in the 1980s, when it required several petitions before a station in Granite City, Illinois, was permitted change its call letters to KWK-FM (now WARH), matching its sister station, KWK (now KXFN) in St. Louis, Missouri. In addition, beginning in the mid-1980s stations which were previously co-owned but later separated no longer are required to have one of the stations give up the three-letter call, which is why WWL and WWL-TV in New Orleans can still share the assignment. 152ee80cbc

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