Российская наука:
Russian Science
Outstanding Russian Scientists,
their Discoveries and Inventions
Mikhail Lomonosov
Lomonosov made many discoveries in various fields: he is regarded as the first to discover the law of mass conservation (1760) and to establish mechanistic caloric theory and the chemistry of minerals and glass. Lomonosov is the founder of Russia's first classical university – Moscow State University (1755).
Nikolay Lobachevsky
The founder of hyperbolic geometry (1829) which was later recognized as a valid alternative to Euclidean geometry. Graduated from Kazan University where he later held the position of professor and then rector.
Sofia Kovalevskaya
Made a series of discoveries in mathematics. She was awarded the Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for her thesis on integrable rigid body motion (1888).She was a pioneer for women in mathematics around the world – the first woman to obtain a doctorate (in the modern sense) in mathematics, the first woman appointed to a full professorship in northern Europe and one of the first women to work for a scientific journal as an editor.[1] According to historian of science Ann Hibner Koblitz, Kovalevskaya was "the greatest known woman scientist before the twentieth century"
Dmitri Mendeleev
Mendeleev formulated the Periodic Law and created his own version of the periodic table of elements (1869). The system that he devised made it possible to correct the properties of some elements that had already been discovered and also to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered. His discovery is viewed as the most significant contribution to materials chemistry.
Alexander Popov
He was one of the first to find practical applications of electromagnetic waves, particularly in wireless communication. He designed and built a state-of-the-art radio receiver that was unique for its time (1895).Popov's work as a teacher at a Russian naval school led him to explore high-frequency electrical phenomena. On 7 May 1895, he presented a paper on a wireless lightning detector he had built that worked via using a coherer to detect radio noise from lightning strikes. This day is celebrated in the Russian Federation as Radio Day.
Nikolay Pirogov
Pirogov is considered the founder of field surgery, regional anatomy and the founder of the Russian school of anesthesia. Surgery became a science thanks to him. Considered to be the founder of field surgery, he was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847) and one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic. He is credited with invention of various kinds of surgical operations and developing his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones.
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov is the founder of physiology of higher nervous activity known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs. He is the first Russian Nobel Prize winner (1904). He received awards for physiology of digestion.
Sergey Korolev
Korolev was a leading Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer and is considered by many as the father of practical astronautics. Among his major achievements are the first successful launch of an orbiting satellite (1957) and the first manned space flight of Yuri Gagarin (1961).
Grigori Perelman
One of the most renowned contemporary mathematicians. He solved the Poincaré conjecture, one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems (2002).