what is horticulture? 

Horticulture is both an art and a science focused on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and ornamental plants. Unlike large-scale agriculture, horticulture involves more technical and professional practices on a smaller, controlled scale. It is divided into specialized areas such as propagation, arboriculture, landscaping, floriculture, and turf management—each requiring specific tools, skills, and expertise.

While often confused with gardening, horticulture is more scientific and methodical, involving advanced techniques like plant breeding and controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Gardening, on the other hand, is typically more aesthetic and maintenance-focused.

Horticulture has ancient roots, beginning with the domestication of plants thousands of years ago. Initially used for food, plants were later cultivated for their beauty and enjoyment, marking the shift from agriculture to horticulture.

Today, the field continues to evolve with new technologies. Innovations like CRISPR are being used to enhance plant traits—making crops more nutritious, flavorful, and resilient to pests, disease, and drought.