Introduction to Cyber Security

Phishing: A deceptive technique where attackers impersonate trustworthy entities (like banks or services) to trick users into revealing sensitive information such as login credentials, credit card numbers, or personal data via emails or fake websites.

Malware: Short for "malicious software", malware includes a variety of harmful programs such as viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware. These programs can steal data, damage systems, or grant attackers unauthorized access.

Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: In a DoS attack, the attacker overwhelms a server, network, or service with excessive requests or data, rendering it unavailable to legitimate users.

Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: These occur when an attacker secretly intercepts and possibly alters communication between two parties who believe they are directly communicating with each other.

SQL Injection: Attackers manipulate database queries through input fields on web forms, potentially gaining access to, modifying, or deleting data from the backend database.

SQL Injection: Attackers manipulate database queries through input fields on web forms, potentially gaining access to, modifying, or deleting data from the backend database.

Brute-force Attacks: A trial-and-error method where attackers repeatedly try different username-password combinations until the correct one is found. Weak or reused passwords are especially vulnerable to this form of attack.

Firewalls: These act as a protective barrier between trusted and untrusted networks, filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on pre-defined security rules to block unauthorized access.

Antivirus Software: This software scans and monitors a system for malicious files and programs. It helps detect, quarantine, and remove threats like viruses, trojans, and worms.

Encryption: A process that converts data into an unreadable format using algorithms and keys. Only authorized parties with the correct decryption key can access the original data, making it critical for secure communications and storage.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Enhances login security by requiring two or more forms of verification—typically something the user knows (password), something the user has (mobile device), or something the user is (biometric data).