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The Simon Filter
The Simon Filter
The Simon filter was the first cardiovascular device developed using shape memory actuators. This filter represents a new generation of devices that are used for blood vessels interruption in order to prevent pulmonary embolism. The main purpose of this device is to filter clots that travel inside the bloodstream and the major users of this device are the people who cannot take anticoagulant medicines. The insertion of this filter inside the human body is done by exploiting the shape memory effect. The filter is deformed from its original shape to martensitic state and placed on a catheter tip. While the filter is placed inside a body, saline solution is used to keep a low temperature and when the catheter releases the filter, the flow of saline is stopped which as a result promotes the heating of the filter that returns to its former shape and removes clots.
The Simon filter was the first cardiovascular device developed using shape memory actuators. This filter represents a new generation of devices that are used for blood vessels interruption in order to prevent pulmonary embolism. The main purpose of this device is to filter clots that travel inside the bloodstream and the major users of this device are the people who cannot take anticoagulant medicines. The insertion of this filter inside the human body is done by exploiting the shape memory effect. The filter is deformed from its original shape to martensitic state and placed on a catheter tip. While the filter is placed inside a body, saline solution is used to keep a low temperature and when the catheter releases the filter, the flow of saline is stopped which as a result promotes the heating of the filter that returns to its former shape and removes clots.
mesh used to study the simon filter
(A) An actual image of Simon Nitinol filter in a patient's body. (B) The CAD mode of Simon Nitinol filter used in this study
Biomimetic Robots and Robotic Hands
Biomimetic Robots and Robotic Hands
SMAs have been employed in a diverse range of applications such as medical robots, self configurable robots, biomimetic robots, robotic hands, manipulators and exoskeletons. The recent studies and use of SMAs are focused on the development of robotic origamis as seen in Fig (a). SMAs are essential in developing self-reconfigurable robots that can change the relative position or orientation. Various biomimetic robots- Omegabot- have also been developed using SMA actuators that can crawl up to the speed of 5 mm/s.
Moreover, SMAs have played a huge role in improving the steerability and maneuverability toward minimally invasive surgery. Cardiovascular stent and SMA based microactuators to remove blood clots are current examples of SMAs application in the biomedical field.
Fig (a). A four-fold robotic origami with bi-directional actuators formed by antagonistic SMA sheets.
A wearable wrist exoskeleton prototype using SMA
References
References
Stewart, S. F., Robinson, R. A., Nelson, R. A., & Malinauskas, R. A. (2008), Effects of thrombosed vena cava filters on blood flow: flow visualization and numerical modeling. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 36(11), pp. 1764-1781.
Zhang, Jun., et al., “Robotic Artificial Muscles: Current Progress and Future Perspectives,” IEEE Transaction on Robotics, pp. 1-21, 2019.
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