GLOSSARY CONTAINING ACRONYMS AND VARIOUS CATALOGING TERMS
AACR2 or AACR2R - Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. Provides guidelines for descriptive cataloging and access points for bibliographic records.
Access points - Can also be called headings. A name, term, code, or number by which a bibliographic record can be searched, identified, and retrieved.
Added entry - Personal name, corporate name, title, or series entry in a bibliographic record that is in addition to the main entry.
Authority record - MARC record that contains the decision for an established heading, sometimes with references. Authority records are created for names, subjects, uniform titles and series.
Batchloading - An automated service, batchloading is an method of processing authority, bibliographic and local holdings data into another database such as OCLC or SILO. In RiverShare this is done monthly by the TSC/DSC for member libraries participating in batchloading. (See Manual section I.4. for more information on the TSC/DSC).
Bibliographic (bib) record - an entry in a bibliographic database (library catalog, ILS) which represents and describes a specific resource. A bibliographic record contains the data elements necessary to help users identify and retrieve that resource, as well as additional supporting information, presented in a formalized format. Additional information may support particular database functions such as search, or browse (e.g., by keywords), or may provide fuller presentation of the content item (e.g., the article's abstract).
Bibliographic record number - Unique number assigned to a bibliographic record. May also be called accession number, database control number, or bibliographic record ID.
Call number - Classification number (usually from LCC or DDC) plus author notation (Cutter number) and/or date. Library specific information may be included in the call number. See the call number section for details on which fields to use.
Caption - Caption title. Titles printed at the head of the first page of text or music. The third choice in the order of preference in RDA’s “preferred source” for identifying the title proper.
Carrier - The medium of storage of the knowledge resource, as opposed to content, which is the intellectual content of the resource.
Cataloging (Descriptive cataloging) - Creating the basis of a bibliographic record by describing an item using AACR2R/RDA rules; includes transcription of title and statement of responsibility, publication information (imprint), physical description, assigning main and added entries.
Chief source of information - Where the bibliographic information comes from; especially the title. AACR2 is very specific as to what the chief source of information is for each format of materials, RDA has moved to using the preferred source of information.
CIP - Cataloging-In-Publication –“CIP data" in its broadest sense refers to the bibliographic record created by the Library of Congress for a book prior to its publication. A Library of Congress publisher program that provides bibliographic records on the title page verso of published books, CIP cataloging is done from galley proofs or electronic files sent to the Library of Congress by the publisher. Some publishers do their own CIP cataloging which is published in their books, but it is not cataloging sanctioned by the Library of Congress. CIP data is not an acceptable source information when cataloging for RiverShare. RiverShare members should use the preferred source of information based on RDA.
Classification - Classification arranges items in a logical order on library shelves and groups like subjects together. Classification numbers along with Cutter numbers are combined to form what is usually called the call number.
Cleanup list – An email communication tool used by the Tech Services departments in the RiverShare consortium for database improvements. Libraries are to send lists of items that need editing or corrections to riversharedsc@gaggle.email.
Collection - Materials owned by the library and organized in such a way that they can be easily retrieved. In the Polaris ILS used by RiverShare, assigning collections to each item is up to each member library. An assigned collection may aid in searching or gathering statistics.
Colophon - Statement at the end of an item giving information about one or more of the following: title, author, publisher, printer, date of publication, printing date; fifth in order of preference for RDA’s preferred sources.
Control fields - Information used by the computer to make the bibliographic records retrievable. Control fields do not usually display to the patrons.
Copy cataloging - Utilizing and possibly editing a bibliographic record created by someone else before attaching an item or adding the bibliographic record to your own catalog.
Corporate body heading - Access point in a bibliographic record representing an organization or group of persons identifiable by a particular name, that acts as an entity, and that is responsible for or related to the work. Example of corporate bodies include associations, business firms, nonprofit enterprises, governments, religious bodies, ships, buildings, and conferences.
Cutter number - Symbols (usually combination of letters and numbers) used to distinguish items with the same classification number, in order to maintain alphabetical order on the shelves.
DDC - Dewey Decimal Classification System; a proprietary classification system used mostly by public libraries and schools.
ECIP – Electronic Cataloging In Publication The ECIP Program is a fast, efficient, and paperless way to obtain CIP data. Through the Electronic Cataloging in Publication Program (ECIP), cataloging is completed online at the Library of Congress and the CIP data are transmitted electronically back to the publisher for inclusion in the printed book. The transmission of text electronically speeds up the overall process and eliminates postage costs. ECIP data is not an acceptable source information when cataloging for RiverShare.
Edition - All copies made from essentially the same master and issued by the same entity. For more on paperback editions, see guidelines on adding a new record for monographs.
FRBR - FRBR is a conceptual model of bibliographic entries using an entity/relationship model. FRBR was first issued in 1998 as a product of the IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. It is the first such model that has been developed in the library cataloging community. FRBR is limited to the data in bibliographic description. There are related functional requirements for authority data (FRAD).
Elvl 3 – Abbreviated level. A brief record that does not meet Minimal-level cataloging specifications. Access points in the record may reflect established forms to the extent that such forms are available at the time the record was created. These records must be extensively upgraded before importing into the RiverShare ILS. If possible, wait for a more complete record to appear in OCLC.
Expression - "Expression" is one of the four entities of the hierarchical model of a bibliographic resource in FRBR. It is defined as "the intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms." Expression follows directly under "work", and, in the case of texts, is the work as it is expressed in some language. The library community is struggling with the abstract concepts of work and expression and the actual dividing line between them, and how they can be defined in bibliographic practice, is not always clear.
Field - The place provided for each of piece of bibliographic information (author, title, call number, etc.) in a bibliographic record. In MARC these are referenced by their corresponding numbers (100, 245, etc.). Also known as tags.
GSAFD - Guidelines on Subject Access to Individual Works of Fiction, Drama, Etc., 2nd edition, was published in 2000. The Guidelines constitute a recommendation for national standard practice in the provision of genre and subject access to individual works of fiction, drama, poetry, humor, and folklore in all formats. See chart for 655 field.
Genre heading - Genre refers to categories of works that are characterized by similar plots, themes, settings, situations, and characters. Examples of genres are westerns and thrillers. RiverShare uses GSAFD - see chart for 655 field.
ILL - InterLibrary Loan - Process of sharing bibliographic items among cooperating libraries.
ILS – An Integrated Library System is a software program which assists in library operation. Included in its functions is storage of MARC bibliographic records and item holding records for purposes of tracking shelf status, items borrowed and holds. At the writing of this manual, RiverShare is using the Polaris ILS (Jan. 2015).
Imprint - Cataloging definition: Publishing information about the bibliographic item; usually gives place of publication, publisher, and date of publication. Publisher definition: A subsidiary organization to the publisher.
Indexing – The process of making something searchable in the OPAC by a means other than keyword.
Integrating resource - A resource that is added to or changed by means of updates that do not remain discrete and are integrated into the whole. Examples of integrating resources include updating loose-leafs and updating Web sites.
ISBD - International Standard Bibliographic Description - An internationally agreed upon framework for cataloging rules for description that states what essential items of information must appear in the bibliographic record, the order in which those items will be given, and the standard punctuation and spacing that must be used.
ISBN - International Standard Book Number - Publishers number. Standardized number used since about 1968; books published before that will not have these numbers. Usually found on the title page verso or back cover. ISBNs are used for searching and matching bibliographic records.
ISSN - International Standard Serial Number. Number used to identify serials.
Item - In library terms, an "item" is an actual physical volume. The item concept is important because it is the level at which libraries do inventory, report counts of the library's holdings and yearly increases in holdings, and do lending. "Item" is the lowest and most concrete level of the FRBR bibliographic resource description.
Large print – For RiverShare, large print books are books that have a font/print size 16 or larger that is meant to make these books easier to read for persons with impaired vision. HarperLuxe books with font/print size of 14 are also considered large print because of the white pages and margins specifically designed for those with impaired vision.
LC - Library of Congress; coded as "DLC" in MARC records. Previously referred to as LOC.
LCC - Library of Congress Classification; classification system used mostly by university and research libraries.
LCCN - Library of Congress Control (formerly Catalog) Number; accession number assigned to LC cataloging and used as access point.
LCSH - Library of Congress Subject Headings or "Red books." Lists subject headings established by LC. Also accessible online through OCLC and some local systems as the "subject authority file."
LLSAP - Local Library System Automation Program - A shared database sponsored by most Illinois Regional Library Systems. Each LLSAP has a specific consortia/ name.
MARC - Machine Readable Cataloging. System to encode bibliographic information so that a computer can read and interpret the data in the bibliographic record.
Main entry - Name entry in a bibliographic record that represents the individual chiefly responsible for the intellectual content of the item. It may also be a title entry of a bibliographic record where no personal or corporate entity was deemed to have such intellectual responsibility.
Manifestation - A term from FRBR, the "manifestation" is the actual produced resource, such as a book, a music CD or a film on DVD. In modern publishing, manifestations are often mass-produced, and data that refers to the manifestation is valid for all of the items from that printed product (e.g. they all have the same title, publisher name, pagination). For books, the manifestation is identified by the ISBN.
Masthead - A statement printed in all issues of a newspaper, magazine, or the like, usually on the editorial page, giving the publication's name, the names of the owner and staff, etc. It is the fourth choice in the order of preference for RDA’s preferred sources for identifying the title proper.
MeSH – Medical Subject Headings Is the National Library of Medicine’s controlled vocabulary thesaurus.
Monograph - Publication either complete in one part or intended to be complete in a finite number of parts; often referred to as a book. See Monograph section.
OCLC - Online Computer Library Center - Nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization. Provides cataloging services, interlibrary loan, and reference services.
OCLC number - The unique number assigned to each OCLC bibliographic record. This number is searchable in OCLC and should be searchable in the ILS.
OPAC - Online Public Access Catalog (also known as PAC) - A library catalog made up of bibliographic records in machine-readable format (usually MARC) available for public access via the Internet.
Original cataloging - Creating a new bibliographic record from a workform or from the skeleton of a related record when no matching cataloging record is found.
Personal name heading - Access point in a bibliographic record that represents a specific person responsible for or related to the resource.
Physical description - The description of the book that includes the number of pages or leaves, details about types of illustrations, and the size of the item. Each format has different details that are noted in the physical description that characterize what the item is, the type of sound or video, etc., and the size.
Preliminaries - Title page, title page verso, any pages preceding the title page, and the cover. Preliminaries are often preferred sources of information for certain parts of the bibliographic description.
Preferred Source of Information – Is the RDA concept that is used to identify the title proper. AACR2 called this “chief source”. For printed material, RDA’s priority preference is: title page or sheet,(or image thereof), cover, caption, masthead, colophon. For videos it is the title frame(s), title screen(s), label bearing the title permanently affixed on the resource, embedded metadata in textual form.
RDA – Resource Description and Access – Is a content standard used in formulating bibliographic data replacing AACR2, and its display standard. RDA is designed for a wider scope of resources and can be used with multiple coding schema. The vocabularies of RDA promote consistent description and discovery of bibliographic resources.
References - Links that take a searcher from an unused heading to a used heading (See reference) or from a used heading to another related used heading (See also reference).
RiverShare - RiverShare is a library consortium in the Quad Cities (Iowa & Illinois) which makes it possible for users to use library cards at different locations in the consortium. Member libraries share the cost of the automated computer system and catalog, and enable delivery of materials across state lines.
Sears - Sears List of Subject Headings. Subject headings primarily used by small- to medium-sized public and school libraries; has accompanying DDC numbers.
Serial - Publication issued in successive parts, bearing a numeric or chronological designation, and intended to be published indefinitely. See serials section.
SILO – State of Iowa Libraries Online – It offers resource sharing, including the Iowa Locator, a statewide union catalog with holdings from 699 libraries, and SILO ILL to all types of libraries in Iowa.
Statement of responsibility - Statement related to the person(s) responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of the item.
Subject analysis - Subject analysis is the function of using controlled vocabulary to tell what the item is about and/or to describe what the item is. Controlled vocabulary means that everyone is using the same term to describe the same concept or type of item.
Tag - The place provided for each of piece of bibliographic information (author, title, call number, etc.) in a bibliographic record. In MARC these are referenced by their corresponding numbers (100, 245, etc.). Also known as fields.
Technical reading - Examining an item; i.e. a book to create an accurate bibliographic description, considering the chief source of information/preferred source; presence or absence of contents page, bibliography and/or index; cover and jacket information; size, pagination, illustrations. A similar process should be used with other formats, examining the chief source of information/preferred source for that format, and all other pertinent information.
T.p. or Title page – The page at or near the front of the book that shows the title of the work, the person or body responsible for the books intellectual content, the place of publication, and the name and year of the publication.
Title proper - Main title; usually taken from the title page or other preferred source; does not include the subtitle or other title information.
Topical headings - Topical headings are those that use a word or phrase to describe the content, or topic, of the library material. See RiverShare guidelines on subject headings.
Work - One of the least clear terms in the bibliographic universe, "work" is casually used to refer to an individual book or resource. In the area of cultural commentary, "work" may be used to refer to all of the intellectual output of an individual (e.g. "Thomas Mann's work spans three decades ..." However, "work" has taken on a formal meaning when one is speaking in the context of FRBR, and it refers to a single creation at its most general level. Thus, if one refers to the work Der Zauberberg, this includes all versions, printings, and translations of the creation by Mann. A work is inherently abstract in the FRBR definition.