RJ Project 2023

RStudio Portfolio

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In this section you will find some of my examples in the use of data and visualizations for Data Analysis.

The background of this data is the World Bank indicators, in which, the graphs are fully functional and interactive.

You can highlight, using Ctrl + Shift + Click the elements you may find interesting. You can also Zoom in, inside graphs, to inspect the areas of your interest. Also you can reestablish the scale and standard Zoom with the upper right buttons of the graphs.

The 3D charts can rotate by maintaining the click and moving the mouse.

Note: Some of the information is limited to the year 2008 and onwards.

Violence and Inequality

The rising positive correlation between inequality and homicides are an expression of the relationship of violence and inequality. This is one scatter plot is inspired in my last article "On the Empirics of Violence, Inequality, and Income" (See Publication sections). Unlike the article, this graph does not include the natural logarithms.

Violence and Infections

The previous graph instead, depicts the correlation between Violence and Incidence of Tuberculosis. While they appear to be unrelated factors. The infections and health components of an economy can potentially create income shocks which may result in unfavorable conditions for the individuals, making them prone for violence to steal resources and survive. (Idea sourced from Cervellati & Sunde).

Violence and Human Capital

What about the differences in human capital and violence? The previous graph exemplifies the negative correlation between intentional homicides and the share of population at a certain age enrolled in the secondary school. The differences between the continents can be associated by differences in human capital quality, and Latinamerica reflects a bast majority of heterogeneity.

What if secondary enrollment rates are not a good measure for human capital? An alternative would be to use the enrollment rates of tertiary education which is more difficult to access and more demanding than the traditional high school education. As the previous graphs show, the less disperse is the negative correlation between violence and human capital.

Densities of Inequality by Income Class

The kernel densities as an approximation to the distribution of the inequality are depicted in the previous graphs for each region. You can easily select one of the income classes to take off the fraph and visualize it properly. Something interesting is that high income economies have the lowest concentration of inequality (mostly in Europe). While lower income classes have a move in the right direction of high levels of inequality with lower income levels.

The discrimination of inequality from 2010 to 2019, discriminated by continents is shown in the previous graph. Europe posses the best income distribution, while America (including North and Latinamerica) are suffering the highest concentration of inequality. In middle terms we encounter Africa and the rest of the world.

3D Interactive Graph: Violence, Inequality and Income.

The dispersion is a reflection of the previous graphs, the high levels of inequality tend to depict increases in the intentional homicides, also the income level is lower for this high-rate homicide countries.

3D Mesh Plot: Inequality, Violence and Income

Using the Akima linear interpolation, the surface is created. The 3D plot when rotate, depicts a shocking true, homicides are mainly concentrated in low income countries (less than 40k per capita in a year) and extremly high levels of inequality.

Github

If you're curious of how I did this, you can visit the Github repository here:

https://github.com/johnriveros/Empirical-RJ-Project/blob/2ae2e6aba5d19912a9aea070dafb01946dcb79ab/Code%20of%20RStudio