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Medicare and Medicaid Services. Qualified clinical data registry reporting. 2016. URL: http://www.cms.gov/ medicare/quality-initiatives-patient-assessment-instruments/ pqrs/qualified-clinical-data-registry-reporting.html. 2. Yazdany J, Robbins M, Schmajuk G, Desai S, Lacaille D, Neogi T, et al. Development of the American College of Rheumatology’s rheumatoid arthritis electronic clinical quality measures. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016;68:1579–90. 3. Berwick DM, Nolan TW, Whittington J. The triple aim: care, health, and cost. Health Affairs (Project Hope) 2008;27:759–69. Journal of Rheumatic Diseases and Treatment Research Article: Open Access Neher et al. J Rheum Dis Treat 2016, 2:039 ISSN: 2469-5726 Volume 2 | Issue 3 ClinMed International Library Citation: Neher M, Stahl C, Festin K, Nilsen P (2016) Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in Rheumatology: What Sociodemographic, Social Cognitive and Contextual Factors Influence Health Professionals’ Use of Research in Practice? J Rheum Dis Treat 2:039 Received: May 10, 2016: Accepted: September 15, 2016: Published: September 17, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Neher M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice in Rheumatology: What Sociodemographic, Social Cognitive and Contextual Factors Influence Health Professionals’ Use of Research in Practice? Neher M*, Stahl C, Festin K and Nilsen P Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden promote EBP through the dissemination of recommendations and guidelines, and clinics stress the importance of working in an evidence-based way. Despite a strong endorsement for EBP, however, there are no official EBP-benchmarking strategies and continuing professional education is optional. Studies have pointed out that the actual use of research for practice tends to be low [7,8]. Furthermore, evidence-based interventions are not used routinely; many practitioners continue using interventions that have little or no evidence and many rely more on their experience than on research [9,10]. The same may apply to rheumatology, but research has been scarce. Barriers to implementing a more EBP in health care have predominantly been sought at the individual level [11]. However, there is increasing recognition of the relevance of the organizational context, i.e., influences beyond the individual level [12,13]. Leadership and organizational climate are described in many implementation models and frameworks as critical aspects of the context of implementation [14-16]. Research on the use of research in rheumatology practice is largely lacking. This study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the degree to which EBP is implemented in clinical rheumatology practice and identifying individual and organizational factors that may potentially affect research use in this clinical environment. Materials and Methods Study setting and population Health care in Sweden is publicly funded. All residents are insured by the state, with a politically explicit goal to supply equal health care access for the entire population. Out-of-pocket fees are low and regulated by law. The provision of health care services in Sweden, including rheumatology care, is primarily the responsibility of the 21 county councils throughout Sweden and is carried out by both private and public providers following the same fee-system. Patients requiring specialized care and medication are mainly cared for in hospital
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