Introduction

Orgainc and Conventional Farming

Modern agricultural practices have long been the cornerstone of global food production(Tilman et al., 2002). Since the birth of the industrial model of planting and farming in the last century, technological innovations in agriculture have brought huge yield gains to humanity. However, despite the surge in yields achieved, a growing body of evidence and research has also shown the risks and unsustainability associated with this economy of scale of monoculture production, such as soil soddenness, water pollution, and pesticide misuse(Pretty et al., 2000; Foley et al., 2005). Organic farming was created not only to address the issue of healthy human diets; it is also seen as an alternative, or a solution, to the industrial model of agriculture.

Organic farming, also known as eco-farming or bio-farming, is a farming method that relies heavily on organic fertilizers such as compost and uses techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting(Seufert et al., 2012). Organic farming aims to promote sustainable agriculture, improve soil fertility and maintain biodiversity. It reduces biopesticides, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms and growth hormones. Conventional agriculture, on the other hand, usually relies on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to maintain high yields. These practices, while effective in the short term, are not sustainable options in the long term as they may lead to soil erosion, reduced soil fertility and health risks from toxic chemicals entering the food chain.