HEAT TREATMENT Fundamentals Fe-C equilibrium diagram. Isothermal and continuous cooling transformation diagrams for plain carbon and alloy steels. Microstructure and mechanical properties of pearlite, bainite and martensite. Austenitic grain size. Hardenability, its measurement and control. Processes Annealing, normalising and hardening of steels, quenching media, tempering. Homogenisation. Dimensional and compositional changes during heat treatment. Residual stresses and decarburisation.
Surface Hardening Case carburising, nitriding, carbonitriding, induction and flame hardening processes. Special Grade Steels Stainless steels, high speed tool steels, maraging steels, high strength low alloy steels. Cast irons White, gray and spheroidal graphitic cast irons Nonferrous Metals Annealing of cold worked metals. Recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth. Heat treatment of aluminum, copper, magnesium, titanium and nickel alloys. Temper designations for aluminum and magnesium alloys. Controlled Atmospheres Oxidizing, reducing and neutral atmospheres.
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Definition of heat treatment Heat treatment is an operation or combination of operations involving heating at a specific rate, soaking at a temperature for a period of time and cooling at some specified rate. The aim is to obtain a desired microstructure to achieve certain predetermined properties (physical, mechanical, magnetic or electrical).
The presence of chlorides, e.g. in seawater, significantly aggravates the conditions for pitting corrosion of most metals (including stainless steels and high-alloyed materials) by enhancing the formation and growth of the pits through an autocatalytic process. Silver chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl. This white crystalline solid is well known for its low solubility in water (this behavior being reminiscent of the chlorides of Tl+ and Pb2+). Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver (and chlorine), which is signaled by greyish or purplish coloration to some samples. AgCl occurs naturally as a mineral chlorargyrite. be457b7860
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