week 5

Introduction

The purpose of this assignment is to study and understand how AND and OR gates operate, analyze their truth tables, observe their circuit symbols, and explore their practical applications. By examining these two essential logic gates, this report aims to develop a clear understanding of how simple logical operations are implemented in digital electronics and how they contribute to the design of more complex circuits.

AND GATE

components

breadboard
2 NPN transistor 547
resistors (2x220 , 2x10k , 450)
3 leds
battery
jumbers
2 bush buttons

Datasheet

the tall leg is + and the other is -

Right is collector , Middle is base , Left is emitter

simulation

step 1

add 10K resistor to the base

step 2

the led's + leg with 10k and the - with 220 ohm resistor, the othe resistor leg with ground

step 3

connect the button with 10k ohm and with battery

step 4

connect the collector of the secound transistor with the emitter of the first

step 5

repeat the base circuit for the 2nd transistor

step 6

connect the 3rd led + leg with the emitter of the 2nd transistor and this will be our output circuit

step 6

connect 450ohm resistor with the - leg of led and with ground

OR GATE

components

same as AND GATE

simulation

step 1

connect the two collectors with each other and also the emitters with each other

step 2

connect the output circuit same as the AND gate

step 3

connect the base circuit same as the AND gate for the 2 transistors

final result

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