Cognitive Computing

Cognitive Computing (CC), in one of its definitions, refers to an emerging paradigm of intelligent computing methodologies and systems based on cognitive informatics that implements computational intelligence by inferences and perceptions mimicking the mechanisms of the brain [1]. Simply, Cognitive Computing simulates the processes of human thoughts in a computerised model. Cognitive Computing goes beyond Artificial Intelligence to embrace various disciplines such as Philosophy, Mathematics, Computer Science, Logic, Psychology, Linguistics and Natural Language Processing, etc. However, there is an intrinsic difference between Cognitive Computing and AI as described by Dharmendra Modha, CC Manager @IBM Research:

“Cognitive computing goes well beyond artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction as we know it–it explores the concepts of perception, memory, attention, language, intelligence and consciousness. Typically, in AI, one creates an algorithm to solve a particular problem. Cognitive computing seeks a universal algorithm for the brain. This algorithm would be able to solve a vast array of problems."

CC is designed to ensure that Machines and People are working together to solve real world problems. Cognitive systems are designed to solve problems the way humans solve problems, by thinking, reasoning and remembering.

Also, Steve Hoffenberg explained this difference as follows:

"Imagine that both an AI and a cognitive system had to analyse a huge database of medical records and journal articles to determine treatment for a patient. “In an artificial intelligence system, the system would have told the doctor which course of action to take based on its analysis. In cognitive computing, the system provides information to help the doctor decide."

Below is an interesting TEDx talk by Professor Kevin Warwick about Health: Implants and Technology. He describes the way he and his wife have their nervous systems linked together electrically via an implanted radio frequency identification device. He also explained the next step of this telegraphic communications between the two nervous systems to be Brain-Brain Communication.

Also, this relates to different research areas such as Robotics and Consciousness and how CC can help in this. This is discussed in the mentioned below TEDx talk delivered by Professor Mark Bishop, Goldsmiths University London.

References:

[1] Wang, Y.; Zhang, D.; Kinsner, W. (Eds) (2010) Advances in Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing, Springer ISBN 978-3-642-16083-7.