My interest in cities, transportation systems, and their relationship with natural systems has shaped both my professional and academic trajectory. Growing up on a Caribbean island—surrounded by rich natural environments but also by automobile-oriented and sprawling development—sparked an early interest in how the built environment, city planning, and urban design decisions shape everyday life.
That interest led me to pursue academic degrees in Architecture, Urban Design, and City and Regional Planning. More than fifteen years of professional practice as an architect and urban designer, together with experience in land-use and urban planning, strengthened my interest in the spatial structure and evolution of human settlements. I later pursued doctoral studies in Urban and Regional Planning, focusing on sustainable urban transportation and spatial analysis.
Today, as an Assistant Professor in Transportation Planning and Equity at the University of Massachusetts Boston, my research centers on accessibility—the ease with which people can reach essential and complementary activities—and how it emerges from the interaction of land use and transportation systems, among other factors. I examine how these systems shape travel behavior, differences in accessibility, transportation performance, and environmental sustainability.
My transportation research focuses on sustainable urban mobility, including public transportation, walking, bicycling, and multimodal networks. Using spatial, statistical, behavioral, and data-driven methods, I study transit demand and performance, route and mode choice, pedestrian and bicycle travel, and the influence of urban form on transportation outcomes. My research spans scales ranging from individual travel behavior and routes to neighborhoods, transit corridors, metropolitan systems, and broader patterns of urban and suburban development.
Current projects examine and compare bikeshare travel behavior and origin-destination modeling in the United States and Spain, pedestrian accessibility indicators across a nationwide sample of neighborhoods, and bus transit demand and performance in Boston. A growing focus of my research is the development and testing of accessibility indicators across transportation modes and built-environment contexts, with applications to transit demand modeling and the assessment of equity in access across different types of communities.
Across this work, I seek to translate research into practical professional tools, policies, and planning and design strategies that reduce automobile dependence, expand sustainable and equitable mobility, improve accessibility, and strengthen the relationship between built and natural environments. More broadly, this work is motivated by the goal of enhancing human well-being and promoting more sustainable relationships between human settlements and the natural systems on which they depend.
Teaching is a natural extension of this work. My courses emphasize analytical reasoning, spatial and quantitative methods, planning and design judgment, and engagement with real-world institutions and communities. My goal is to prepare thoughtful and capable planners who can contribute to more equitable, sustainable, and resilient cities and regions.
This research agenda is especially urgent at a critical moment for humanity, as an increasingly urban species must both mitigate the causes of rapid climate change and adapt cities, transportation systems, and human settlements to its growing impacts.
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Mi interés por las ciudades, los sistemas de transporte y su relación con los sistemas naturales ha marcado tanto mi trayectoria profesional como académica. Crecer en una isla del Caribe—rodeado de entornos naturales de gran riqueza, pero también de un desarrollo urbano disperso y dependiente del automóvil—despertó desde muy temprano mi interés por comprender cómo el entorno construido y las decisiones de planificación urbana y diseño urbano influyen en la vida cotidiana.
Ese interés me llevó a cursar estudios académicos en Arquitectura, Diseño Urbano y Planificación Urbana y Regional. Más de quince años de práctica profesional como arquitecto y diseñador urbano, junto con experiencia en ordenación del territorio y planificación urbana, reforzaron mi interés por la estructura espacial y la evolución de los asentamientos humanos. Posteriormente realicé estudios doctorales en Planificación Urbana y Regional, con especialización en transporte urbano sostenible y análisis espacial.
Actualmente, como profesor asistente de Planificación del Transporte y Equidad en la University of Massachusetts Boston, mi investigación se centra en la accesibilidad—la facilidad con la que las personas pueden alcanzar actividades esenciales y complementarias—y en cómo esta surge de la interacción entre los usos del suelo y los sistemas de transporte, entre otros factores. Analizo cómo estos sistemas influyen en el comportamiento de viaje, las diferencias de accesibilidad, el funcionamiento del transporte y la sostenibilidad ambiental.
Mi investigación en transporte se centra en la movilidad urbana sostenible, incluyendo el transporte público, los desplazamientos a pie y en bicicleta, y las redes multimodales. Mediante métodos espaciales, estadísticos, conductuales y basados en datos, estudio la demanda y el desempeño del transporte público, la elección de rutas y modos de transporte, los desplazamientos peatonales y ciclistas, y la influencia de la forma urbana en los resultados del sistema de transporte. Mi investigación abarca distintas escalas, desde el comportamiento individual de viaje y las rutas recorridas hasta los barrios, corredores de transporte, sistemas metropolitanos y patrones más amplios de desarrollo urbano y suburbano.
Mis proyectos actuales analizan y comparan el comportamiento de viaje y los modelos origen-destino en sistemas de bicicleta compartida en Estados Unidos y España, indicadores de accesibilidad peatonal en una muestra nacional de barrios y la demanda y el desempeño del transporte en autobús en Boston. Una línea de trabajo cada vez más importante es el desarrollo y la evaluación de indicadores de accesibilidad aplicados a distintos modos de transporte y contextos del entorno construido, con aplicaciones en la modelización de la demanda de transporte público y la evaluación de la equidad en el acceso entre distintos tipos de comunidades.
A través de este trabajo, procuro traducir la investigación en herramientas profesionales, políticas y estrategias de planificación y diseño que contribuyan a reducir la dependencia del automóvil, ampliar la movilidad sostenible y equitativa, mejorar la accesibilidad y fortalecer la relación entre los entornos construidos y naturales. En un sentido más amplio, este trabajo responde al objetivo de mejorar el bienestar humano y promover relaciones más sostenibles entre los asentamientos humanos y los sistemas naturales de los que dependen.
La docencia constituye una extensión natural de este trabajo. Mis cursos hacen hincapié en el razonamiento analítico, los métodos espaciales y cuantitativos, el criterio profesional en planificación y diseño, y la interacción con instituciones y comunidades reales. Mi objetivo es formar planificadores reflexivos y capacitados que puedan contribuir a crear ciudades y regiones más equitativas, sostenibles y resilientes.
Esta agenda de investigación adquiere especial relevancia en un momento crítico para la humanidad, en el que una especie cada vez más urbana debe tanto mitigar las causas del rápido cambio climático como adaptar las ciudades, los sistemas de transporte y los asentamientos humanos a sus crecientes impactos.
Dr. L. Enrique Ramos-Santiago is a city and regional planner, architect, and urban planning scholar whose research examines the relationships among sustainable urban transportation, accessibility, land use, urban form, and travel behavior. His transportation research focuses particularly on public transit, bicycling, walking, and multimodal accessibility, while a complementary line of research examines suburban development and environmental change through Social-Ecological Systems (SES) and ecological urban design perspectives.
His transportation research has appeared in peer-reviewed journals including Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Journal of Public Transportation, Urban Studies, and Case Studies on Transport Policy. His work has also been published through the Mineta Transportation Institute. Research addressing suburban social-ecological systems, environmental change, and ecological urban design has appeared in interdisciplinary environmental and sustainability journals including Ecology and Society and Sustainability.
Dr. Ramos-Santiago has additionally published work in professional, planning, architectural, and historic-preservation venues, including Patrimonio, the official publication of the Puerto Rico State Historic Preservation Office, and the proceedings of Docomomo International, an organization dedicated to the documentation and conservation of buildings, sites, and neighborhoods of the Modern Movement.
His academic and design work has received several recognitions, including a 2007 Congress for the New Urbanism Charter Award for Towards an Urban and Sustainable Puerto Nuevo: A Green Redevelopment of San Juan's Inner-Ring Suburbs. This early work anticipated themes that continue to inform his research, including suburban transformation, automobile dependence, sustainable redevelopment, and the integration of transportation, urban design, and environmental planning.
Before entering academia, Dr. Ramos-Santiago practiced professionally as a licensed architect and city and regional planner in Puerto Rico and worked in planning and design practice in North Florida. He is currently Assistant Professor of Transportation Planning and Equity in the Department of Urban Planning and Community Development, within the School for the Environment at the University of Massachusetts Boston.
Ramos-Santiago, L.E., Rodriguez, Y.N., Shemirani, M., Morris, P. (Published; The Town Planning Review). "Developing and Pilot-Testing a Neighborhood Multi-Destination Walking Accessibility Index: Evidence from ‘New Deal’ Villages ”; https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.2026.12
Ramos-Santiago, Luis Enrique and Derochers, Luke, (Published; Journal of Public Transportation) The Influence of Walking Accessibility on Station-to-Station Passenger Flow and its Interaction with Metropolitan Race/Class Segregation: A Case Study of Marta's Heavy-Rail Network, Atlanta (USA). Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2024.100115
Kamyab, F. and Ramos-Santiago, L.E. (Published; Sustainability). "Neighborhood Decline and Green Coverage Change in Los Angeles Suburbs: A Social-Ecological Perspective"; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17219850
Ramos-Santiago, L.E. (Published; Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives). "Enhancing Station-Level Direct-Demand Models with Multi-Scalar Accessibility Indicators"; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100834
Ramos-Santiago, L.E. (Published; Case Studies On Transport Policies). "Towards a Better Account and Understanding of Bus / Rapid-transit Interactions: The Case of Los Angeles" ; doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.06.005
Ramos-Santiago, L.E. (Published; Journal of Public Transportation). "Does Walkability Around Feeder Bus-Stops Influence Rapid-Transit Station Boardings?" ; doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2022.100026
Ramos-Santiago, L.E., Novales, M., and Varela-Garcia, F.A. (Published; Case Studies On Transport Policies). "Identifying and Understanding Determinants of Regional Differences in Light-Rail Patronage and Performance" ; doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.04.005
Published
Case Studies On Transport Policies
Published
Journal of Public Transportation
Published
Case Studies on Transport Policies
Published
Transportation Research: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Published
(above): Panoptic Accessibility
(below): Conditioned Walkability
Transportation Research: Interdisciplinary Perspectives
Published
New Deal Villages POIs
and
Walksheds
Ramos-Santiago, L.E. (working paper). "Assessing MAUP [Modifiable Areal Unit Problem] in Walking Accessibility Indicators at Neighborhood Level"
Ramos-Santiago, L.E. and Lopez, David (working paper). "Enhancement and Validation of a Multi-Destination Walking Accessibility Index (ETCO)"
Ramos-Santiago, L.E. and Rodríguez, Y.N. (working paper). "A 20th Century Morphological and Typological Historiography of Federal Housing Projects and Policies in San Juan of Puerto Rico [1934-1966] : Neighborhood Design Experimentations, Metropolitan Restructuring, and Displacement"
An, M., Xuewu, C., Ramos-Santiago, L.E. (working paper). "Streetcar Development in China: A Reflection of Five Case Cities"
"Environmental Justice Capacity Building at UMass Boston", Co-PI - University of Massachusetts Foundation; $50,000
"MIGEODAT: Microsimulation, Geospatial Analysis, and Data Science for Sustainable Mobility"; Universidade A Coruna (Spain) & University of Massachusetts Boston; L. Enrique Ramos-Santiago is research team member and external expert consultant (unfunded); Margarita Novales PhD and Alfonso Orro PhD Co-PIs; Funded by Spain's Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities and the European Union; € 150,000
"Enhancement and Validation of a Multi-Destination Walking Accessibility Index: ETCO" - University of Massachusetts Boston & Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Co-PI; Funded by UMass-Boston Internal Research Funds (startup) $15,000.
"Intentions, Interactions, and Outcomes: a Case Study of Planners, Architects, Landscape Architects, and Developers of El Monte Renewal Project (San Juan, Puerto Rico)"; PI; Funded by Clemson University - College or Architecture, Arts, and Humanities (CAAH); Faculty Research Development Program, Faculty Research Grant.
"Eleonor Roosevelt: An Investigation of a New Deal Village in the Tropics."; PI; Funded by Clemson University - College or Architecture, Arts, and Humanities (CAAH); Faculty Research Development Program, Faculty Research Grant.
Environmental Justice Capacity Building at UMass Boston | Co-Mapping Children’s and Older Adults’ Pedestrian Risks While Walking in Lower East Boston — Pilot Study (2026 - active); Co-PI; University of Massachusetts Foundation
ETCO-2 (2025 - active) "Development of an Enhanced Threshold-based Cumulative Opportunities Indicator of Walking Accessibility - Phase 2: Scaling and Validation"; University of Massachusetts - Boston Startup Funds; Dr. Luis Enrique Ramos-Santiago (PI) and Dr. David Lopez (collaborator; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico-UNAM).
MIGEODAT - (2026 - active) "Microsimulation, Geospatial Analysis, and Data Science for Sustainable Mobility", European Union + 'MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA, INNOVACIÓN Y UNIVERSIDADES' (Spain) Grant; Dr. Margarita Novales (co-PI) and Dr. Alfonso Orro (co-PI) at Universidade A'Coruna; External Consultant (Equipo de Trabajo) collaborating in Origin-Destination model development of bikeshare flows.
VASAC (2025 - active) "Vieques: Ambiente, Salud, y Accion Comunitaria", EPA-funded, University of Massachusetts-Boston; Dr. Lorena Estrada (co-PI) and Dr. Rosalyn Negron (co-PI); Team member in charge of multidisciplinary GIS data integration and management, mapping, and spatial analyses.
RSA Early Career Grant Scheme (EC) PROPOSAL: "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on LRT Transit Patronage and Operations: A Pre-Post Station-Level Comparative Study of Systems in Spain and the United States". Submitted 7/30/2020.
2019
2020
My transportation research interests focus on land-use and built-environment (LU.BE) influence on travel behavior, with special attention to urban mass-transit systems patronage. These include most collective modes (heavy-rail, light-rail, bus, streetcar (tram)) and multi-modal network combinations. I also research and teach planning and design for non-motorized modes (bicycle and walking), and their interactions within multi-modal systems.
In collaboration with local and international scholars I have been developing a strong multidisciplinary research work on modern-era streetcars (trams) in the United States, including the identification of key ridership determinants, comparative transportation performance analyses, station-level and station-to-station ridership modeling, and qualitative assessments of political-economic forces in their planning, financing, and implementation.
My preferred research methodology is quantitative, relying on multivariate direct-demand statistical models and have experience working with OLS and negative-binomial (NBREG) regression of station-level boardings, generalized multilevel structural equation modeling (ML-GSEM), and generalized multilevel crossed models of OD-pair trip flows.
I am also skilled in qualitative research methods (e.g. interviews and survey content analysis, archival, and document analyses) and actively pursue mixed-method studies for their added in-depth analytical potential to highlight key insights and policy recommendations.
A selection of peer-reviewed manuscripts related to transportation topics that I have lead and/or co-authored can be accessed below:
A secondary line of research interest, which overlaps with my sustainable urban transportation studies and draws from my previous academic and professional experiences in architecture / urban design / regional planning, relates to social-ecological studies of urban and suburban environments with a focus on green/gray area dynamics at parcel- and neighborhood-scale. A few manuscripts where I served as lead author and co-author are listed below:
Before engaging SES and transport-related scientific investigations my research interests lay in city- and neighborhood-scale utopian spatial models, cases of real-world implementation (mostly hybridized or transmuted versions), and longitudinal studies of their evolution along social, economic, physical, spatial, and environmental lines.
I also produced some articles related to these topics for professional and cultural venues, some of which are listed below:
Land Use and Comprehensive Planning
Place Making for the Built Environment
(before: site planning)
Urban Design for Urban Planners
Professional Planning Studio
Planning for Bicycle- and Pedestrian-Friendly Communities
Urban Transportation Systems and Policies
Transit Systems Planning
Introduction to GIS (Graduate & Undergraduate)
Course: Transit Planning Fundamentals, Summer S2 2026
Course: Transit Planning Fundamentals, Summer S2 2026
Course: Transit Planning Fundamentals, Summer S2 2026
Course: Transit Planning Fundamentals, Summer S2 2026