Frequently Asked Questions On Turkey Farming

Frequently Asked Questions on Turkey Farming

20 Frequently Asked Questions on Turkey Farming

Below is a compilation of common questions and answers for those interested in starting a turkey farming business.

1. What is turkey farming?

Turkey farming involves raising turkeys for meat, feathers, or breeding purposes. It can be done on a small or commercial scale in backyard settings, open fields, or controlled environments.

2. Why are turkeys raised?

Turkeys are primarily raised for:

• Meat production: Their meat is a popular protein source, especially during holidays like Thanksgiving and Christmas.

• Breeding: Selling poults (young turkeys) or fertilized eggs.

• Feathers: Used in crafts and traditional decorations.

3. What breeds of turkeys are best for farming?

Popular turkey breeds include:

• Broad Breasted White: Most common for commercial meat production.

• Broad Breasted Bronze: Similar to the White but with darker feathers.

• Heritage Breeds (e.g., Bourbon Red, Narragansett): Suitable for free-range or organic farming.

4. How long does it take to raise turkeys for meat?

Turkeys typically reach market weight within 4–6 months:

• Commercial breeds grow faster, reaching 10–15 kg in about 16–20 weeks.

• Heritage breeds take longer, around 6–8 months, but offer better flavor.

5. What housing do turkeys need?

• Shelter: Protect turkeys from predators, weather, and disease.

• Space: Allocate at least 1.5–2 square meters per bird in housing.

• Ventilation: Ensure good airflow to prevent respiratory diseases.

• Perches: Turkeys enjoy roosting, so provide sturdy perches inside their shelter.

6. What do turkeys eat?

Turkeys require a high-protein diet for proper growth:

• Starter feed: 24–28% protein for poults.

• Grower feed: 20–24% protein for growing birds.

• Finisher feed: 16–18% protein for birds nearing harvest.

• They can also graze on grass, grains, and insects in free-range systems.

7. How do you raise healthy turkey poults?

• Keep poults warm at around 35°C (95°F) for the first few weeks.

• Use brooder guards to prevent crowding and trampling.

• Provide clean water and starter feed.

• Gradually reduce the brooder temperature as they grow.

8. What diseases affect turkeys?

Common turkey diseases include:

• Blackhead disease (histomoniasis): A protozoan infection.

• Fowl cholera: Bacterial infection.

• Respiratory infections: Caused by poor ventilation or dusty feed.

• Vaccinations and good biosecurity practices can help prevent diseases.

9. How do you differentiate male and female turkeys?

• Males (toms): Larger, with more vibrant plumage and a prominent snood (fleshy growth on the beak).

• Females (hens): Smaller and less colorful, with shorter snoods.

10. Can turkeys be raised with other poultry?

While turkeys can be raised with chickens or ducks, it's not recommended because:

• Chickens can carry blackhead disease, which is deadly to turkeys.

• Different space and diet requirements may cause competition.

11. What is free-range turkey farming?

Free-range farming allows turkeys to roam outside and forage naturally. It:

• Enhances meat flavor.

• Reduces feed costs as turkeys graze.

• Requires secure fencing to protect from predators.

12. How much space do turkeys need?

• Indoor housing: 1.5–2 square meters per bird.

• Outdoor range: 8–10 square meters per bird for free-range systems.

13. When are turkeys ready for market?

Turkeys are ready for slaughter when they reach the desired weight:

• Broad Breasted breeds: 16–20 weeks for market weight of 7–15 kg.

• Heritage breeds: 6–8 months for smaller but flavorful birds.

14. How profitable is turkey farming?

Profit depends on:

• The scale of farming.

• Feed and maintenance costs.

• Market prices (typically $3–$5 per pound for dressed turkeys).
  Small-scale farmers often sell directly to local markets or restaurants for better margins.

15. Do turkeys require special care during winter?

Yes, turkeys need extra care during cold weather:

• Provide insulated shelters with dry bedding.

• Ensure they have a steady supply of warm water.

• Protect them from frostbite, especially on combs and wattles.

16. How do you process and sell turkeys?

• Processing: Involves slaughtering, plucking, and dressing the birds for sale.

• Marketing: Turkeys can be sold live, fresh, or frozen. Many farmers sell during the holiday season.

17. Are permits required for turkey farming?

In most areas, you may need:

• Business licenses for commercial farming.

• Health and safety certifications for meat processing.
  Check local regulations before starting.

18. What are the main challenges of turkey farming?

• High feed costs.

• Disease susceptibility, especially blackhead disease.

• Predation in free-range systems.

• Seasonal demand (holidays) may limit year-round income.

19. How do you manage turkey waste?

• Turkey manure can be composted and used as fertilizer.

• Regular cleaning of housing prevents disease buildup.

• Waste can also be sold to other farmers for crop use.

20. Is turkey farming sustainable?

Turkey farming is sustainable when:

• Waste is properly managed.

• Free-range systems mimic natural habitats.

• Feed and water are used efficiently.

With proper knowledge and planning, turkey farming can be a profitable and fulfilling venture.