He was a pure Athenian, evidently of aristocratic birth, andattracted, probably by his personal beauty, the attention of Socrates,who is said to have stopped him in the way, and asked him did he knowwhere men of honor were to be found; upon his replying no, the sagesaid, follow me and learn. This apocryphal anecdote, at all events,records the fact that Xenophon attached himself to Socrates'steaching, and so afforded us perhaps the most remarkable instance ofthe great and various influence of that great teacher. We do notwonder at disciples like Plato; but here is a young man of fashion, ofa practical turn, and loving adventure, who records in after years theteaching after his own (p. 016) fashion, and in a perfectlyindependent way, as the noblest of training. His youth, however, wasspent in the distressful later years of the Peloponnesian War, whichended in fearful gloom and disaster for his native city. Intimate,apparently, with the great historian Thucydides, whose unfinished workhe seems to have edited, and subsequently to have continued in his own"Hellenica," he must have long foreseen the collapse of the Athenianempire, and then he and many other adventurous spirits foundthemselves in a society faded in prosperity, with no scope for energyor enterprise. Such was the somewhat tame and vulgar Athens whichsucceeded to that of Pericles and Aristophanes, and which could nottolerate the spiritual boldness of Socrates. He tells us himself, inthe third book of his "Anabasis," how he was tempted to leave Athensfor the East by his friend Proxenus, who had made the acquaintance ofthe chivalrous and ambitious Cyrus, brother of the Persian king, andgovernor of southern Asia Minor. This prince was preparing secretly toinvade Persia and dethrone his brother, and for that purpose wasgathering troops and courting the favor of the Greeks. His splendidgifts were on a scale sufficient to dazzle men of small means andsmaller prospects, like the youth of conquered Athens. Xenophonthought it right to consult his spiritual guide, Socrates, on thepropriety of abandoning his country for hireling service. Thephilosopher advised him to consult the oracle at Delphi, but the youngman only asked what gods he might best conciliate before hisdeparture, and Socrates, though noting the evasion of his advice,acquiesced.

500 DUNAM ON THE MOON: 

 2002, 47 min., 2", Color. 

A description of this film is not available. 


A FEMALE CABBY IN SIDI BEL-ABBES

2000, 52 min., VHS, Color 

At the death of husband, Soumicha, mother of three children, has to earn a living and becomes the only woman taxi driver in Sidi Bel-Abbes (Algeria). Soumichatakes us around her city, introducing us to the many contradictory aspects of this society. She acquaints us, in the course of her travels, with other women who, like herself, are struggling for more freedoms.


THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM (World of Islam series):

1988, 30 min., 2", Color, M,H,U.

Focusing primarily on the five pillars, this film provides a useful overview of the practice, history and geographical diversity of this religion with more than 1 billion adherents. The film's strength lies in its details: a father teaching his sons the stages and positions of prayer in Abu Dhabi, a woman praying by herself in the desert, and men performing ablutions before prayer at a mosque in Lahore -- all interspersed with passages from and discussion of the Qur'an. Its weaknesses can be addressed during post-film discussions: an over reliance on footage from Saudi Arabia, which could lead students to think most Muslims live there and are Arabs. (This is compounded by the narrator's failure to mention that the majority of Muslims are not Arab.) There are also many scenes in the desert and few in urban centers, another misrepresentation. Also, though scenes from the hajj are sufficient, more comprehensive explanations of the pilgrimage are available in Mecca, The Forbidden City and Journey of a Lifetime. [AGF] Directed by Michele Arnaud.


FOR THOSE WHO SAIL TO HEAVEN:

1990, 48 min., 2", Color, Arabic w/English subtitles, H,U,G.

The video leads us through the celebrations of the moulid, or birth feast, of Sidi Abu'l Hajjaj, whom legend says came from Iraq in the 12th century, usurped power from the matriarch of Luxor, and wove a thread around the town to achieve dominion. The moulid occurs at the temple of Luxor, where the divine boats of the gods once sailed in the ancient Egyptian feast of Opet. The film is given depth by constant comparison with the early Egyptian feast, and includes 1925 footage of the moulid. The film progresses between the current and ancient Egyptian practices, such as the use of mast poles, model boats, ritual combat, and the procession of the boats. We view the arrival of crowds from the countryside, chanting in the tomb, traditional stick-dancing, equestrian games, and the pulling of sacred boats around town on the main day of the moulid. Wickett has carefully portrayed the intertwining of ancient and modern so important in Egyptian life, but often missing in Western portrayal of Egypt. [MM] Produced by Elizabeth Wickett, Folklore Dept. of University of Pennsylvania.


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