Patents
[P1] O. Mohammed and S. M. S. H. Rafin, "Synchronizing Oscillator with Active Disturbance-Rejection and Robust Predictive Grid Forming Control," U.S. Patent Application, Pending, Dec. 17, 2025.
[P2] O. Mohammed, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and M. Amin, "Hybrid Boost Inverter for Grid-Tied Multisource Renewable Energies Integration," U.S. Patent Application, Pending, Mar. 17, 2025.
[P3] O. Mohammed, A. Soliman, and S. M. S. H. Rafin, "Intelligent Online Controller for Inverter-Based Resources," U.S. Patent 12,107,509, Oct. 1, 2024.
Journal Articles
[J1] A. M. Ibrahim, S. M. S. H. Rafin, S. H. Moustafa, and O. A. Mohammed, "Hardware-in-the-Loop Implementation of Grid-Forming Inverter Controls for Microgrid Resilience to Disturbances and Cyber Attacks," Energies, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 710, 2026.
[J2] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, H. Hussein, and O. A. Mohammed, "Optimized Design of Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 61, no. 9, 2025.
[J3] A. S. Soliman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammad, "Enhanced DC Voltage and Power Regulation Using Intelligent Data-Driven Control for AC/DC Converters in DC Microgrid Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2024.
[J4] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, and O. A. Mohammed, "Dual Inverter Parallel Consequent Pole PM-Assisted Hybrid Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 60, no. 12, 2024.
[J5] H. M. Hussein, A. M. Ibrahim, R. A. Taha, S. M. S. H. Rafin, et al., "State-of-the-Art Electric Vehicle Modeling: Architectures, Control, and Regulations," Electronics, vol. 13, no. 17, 2024.
[J6] H. M. Hussein, S. M. S. H. Rafin, M. S. Abdelrahman, and O. A. Mohammed, "Hardware Implementation of a Resilient Energy Management System for Networked Microgrids," World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 15, no. 5, 2024.
[J7] A. Aghmadi, O. M. Ali, S. M. S. H. Rafin, et al., "Hardware Implementation of Hybrid Data Driven-PI Control Scheme for Resilient Operation of Standalone DC Microgrid," Batteries, vol. 10, no. 9, 2024.
[J8] H. M. Hussein, M. Esoofally, A. Donekal, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. Mohammed, "Comparative Study-Based Data-Driven Models for Lithium-Ion Battery State-of-Charge Estimation," Batteries, vol. 10, no. 3, 2024.
[J9] H. M. Hussein, A. Aghmadi, M. S. Abdelrahman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. Mohammed, "A Review of Battery State of Charge Estimation and Management Systems," WIREs Energy and Environment, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024.
[J10] S. M. S. H. Rafin, R. Ahmed, M. A. Haque, M. K. Hossain, M. A. Haque, and O. A. Mohammed, "Power Electronics Revolutionized: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emerging Wide and Ultrawide Bandgap Devices," Micromachines, vol. 14, no. 11, 2023.
[J11] R. Islam, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Comprehensive Review of Power Electronic Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications," Forecasting, vol. 5, no. 1, 2023.
[J12] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "Novel Dual Inverter Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 59, no. 11, 2023.
[J13] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, S. Khan, and T. A. Lipo, "A Novel Two-Layer Winding Topology for a Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine," Electrical Engineering, Springer Nature, 2022.
[J14] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, and T. A. Lipo, "A Novel Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine Using Three-Layer Winding Topology," World Electric Vehicle Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, 2022.
[J15] M. M. Rana, A. Rahman, M. Uddin, M. R. Sarkar, Sk. A. Shezan, Md. F. Ishraque, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and M. Atef, "A Comparative Analysis of Peak Load Shaving Strategies for Isolated Microgrid Using Actual Data," Energies, vol. 15, no. 1, 2022.
Conference Papers
[C1] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "A Physics-Informed and Safety-Constrained Neural Realization of Grid Forming Control," IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, 2026. (Accepted)
[C1] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "A Physics-Informed and Safety-Constrained Neural Realization of Grid Forming Control," IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, 2026. (Accepted)
[C2] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "Data-Driven Adaptive Gain Supervision for Grid-Forming Inverter Control," IEEE ECCE, Vancouver, Canada, 2026. (Accepted)
[C3] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "A 2-Layer Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine for High-Power Transportation Electrification," IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, 2026. (Accepted)
[C4] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "3-Layer Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine for High-Power Transportation Electrification," IEEE ECCE, Vancouver, Canada, 2026. (Accepted)
[C5] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "Combined Power-Frequency and Voltage Dynamics Control for Grid-Forming Inverters With Predictive Inner-Loop Regulation," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Lisbon, Portugal, 2026. (Accepted)
[C6] S. M. S. H. Rafin, A. M. Ibrahim, and O. A. Mohammed, "Dual-Stator Dual-Mode Vernier Machine with Sub-Harmonic Brushless Excitation," IEEE CEFC, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2026. (Accepted)
[C7] S. M. S. H. Rafin, A. M. Ibrahim, and O. A. Mohammed, "Single-Inverter Dual-Stator Vernier Machine with Sub-Harmonic Brushless Excitation," IEEE ACES, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2026. (Accepted)
[C8] S. M. S. H. Rafin, A. M. Ibrahim, and O. A. Mohammed, "Data-Driven Adaptive Dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Control for Grid-Forming Inverters," IEEE DMC, Fayetteville, AR, 2025.
[C9] S. M. S. H. Rafin, A. M. Ibrahim, and O. A. Mohammed, "Real-Time HIL Comparison of Virtual Oscillator and Droop Control for Inverter-Based Resources," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Chania, Greece, 2025.
[C10] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, H. M. Hussein, and O. A. Mohammed, "Novel Three-Layer Sub-Harmonic Vernier Machine," IEEE CPERE, Aswan, Egypt, 2025.
[C11] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, H. Hussein, and O. A. Mohammed, "Novel Two-Layer Sub-Harmonic Vernier Machine," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Chania, Greece, 2025.
[C12] S. M. S. H. Rafin, A. M. Ibrahim, and O. A. Mohammed, "Hybrid Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines," IEEE ACES, Orlando, FL, 2025.
[C13] A. M. Ibrahim, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Evaluation of Virtual Synchronous Generator and Droop Control in Microgrids Using Real-Time HIL," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Chania, Greece, 2025.
[C14] A. M. Ibrahim, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Performance Analysis of Spiral Coils in Coreless and Cored Wireless Charging Systems," IEEE ACES, Orlando, FL, 2025.
[C15] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, and O. A. Mohammed, "Dual Inverter Parallel Consequent Pole PM-Assisted Two-Layer Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine," IEEE CEFC, Jeju, Korea, 2024.
[C16] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, F. Zhao, and O. A. Mohammed, "Hybrid Three-Layer Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine Using Consequent Pole Permanent Magnets," IEEE INTERMAG Short Papers, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2024.
[C17] H. M. Hussein, M. S. Abdelrahman, I. Kharchouf, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "EMS-Based HESS Using an Adaptive Filter Approach with SoC Balancing for DCMG," IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, 2024.
[C18] I. Kharchouf, M. S. Abdelrahman, H. M. Hussein, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Distributed Consensus Multi-Agent System Control of AC Microgrid Under Various Communication Disturbances," IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, 2024.
[C19] H. M. Hussein, M. S. Abdelrahman, I. Kharchouf, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Coordinated EMS for Stability Enhancement of NMGs During Disturbance and Fault Conditions," IECON 2024, Chicago, IL, 2024.
[C20] H. M. Hussein, M. S. Abdelrahman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, I. Kharchouf, and O. A. Mohammed, "Resiliency Enhancement of Networked DC Microgrids Through a Decentralized Energy Management System," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Rome, Italy, 2024.
[C21] H. M. Hussein, S. M. S. H. Rafin, M. S. Abdelrahman, I. Kharchouf, and O. A. Mohammed, "Electric Vehicle Performance Enhancement Utilizing Hybrid Energy Storage Systems," IEEE VPPC, Washington, DC, 2024.
[C22] I. Kharchouf, H. M. Hussein, M. S. Abdelrahman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Cyber-Physical Testbed for Distributed Consensus Control Amid Denial of Service Attacks," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Rome, Italy, 2024.
[C23] M. S. Abdelrahman, H. M. Hussein, I. Kharchouf, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "Digital Twin-Based Approach for Monitoring and Event Detection in PV Systems," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Rome, Italy, 2024.
[C24] H. M. Hussein, M. S. Abdelrahman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, I. Kharchouf, and O. A. Mohammed, "Enhancing Stability of Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid-Based Battery/Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Systems," IEEE EEEIC / I&CPS Europe, Rome, Italy, 2024.
[C25] F. Zhao, K. Yang, R. Liu, J. Yu, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and Q. Ali, "Analysis of Air-Gap Field Modulation in Asymmetric Stator Tooth Bilateral-Excitation Flux Modulation Machine," IEEE INTERMAG Short Papers, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2024.
[C26] S. M. S. H. Rafin, H. Hussein, and O. A. Mohammed, "An Introduction to Power Electronics Design Methodology," IEEE DMC, Miami, FL, 2023.
[C27] H. Hussein, A. Donekal, A. Aghmadi, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammed, "State of Charge Estimation Using Data-Driven Models for Inverter-Based Systems," IEEE DMC, Miami, FL, 2023.
[C28] A. S. Soliman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammad, "Intelligent Bi-Directional AC-DC-AC Power Converter Control for Hybrid AC/DC Power Sharing in DC Microgrids Applications," IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, 2023.
[C29] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, and O. A. Mohammed, "Hybrid Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines Using Series and Parallel Consequent Permanent Magnet," IEEE ECCE, Nashville, TN, 2023.
[C30] A. S. Soliman, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and O. A. Mohammad, "Inverter Based Resources Control for Islanded-Mode Microgrid-based Power System," IEEE PEDS, Montreal, Canada, 2023.
[C31] S. M. S. H. Rafin and O. A. Mohammed, "Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machine Using a Dual Inverter and a Unique Three-Layer Stator Winding," IEEE INTERMAG Short Papers, Sendai, Japan, 2023.
[C32] S. M. S. H. Rafin, Q. Ali, and O. A. Mohammed, "Novel PM-Assisted Model of the Two-Layer Sub-Harmonic Synchronous Machines," IEEE ACES, Monterey/Seaside, CA, 2023.
[C33] M. S. Mollik, S. M. S. H. Rafin, et al., "Improved Performance of a Two-Stage Converter Topology Using Incremental Conductance-Based MPPT Design for Grid-Tied PV Systems," SoutheastCon 2023, Orlando, FL, 2023.
[C34] A. S. Soliman, R. Devine, D. Landi, S. M. S. H. Rafin, et al., "Towards A Secured SCADA Architecture: A DNP3 Test Case," SoutheastCon 2023, Orlando, FL, 2023.
[C35] S. M. S. H. Rafin, R. Islam, and O. A. Mohammed, "Overview of Power Electronic Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications," IEEE 3D-PEIM, Miami, FL, 2023.
[C36] S. M. S. H. Rafin, M. A. Haque, R. Islam, and O. A. Mohammed, "A Review of Power Electronic Converters for Electric Aircrafts," IEEE 3D-PEIM, Miami, FL, 2023.
[C37] S. M. S. H. Rafin, R. Islam, and O. A. Mohammed, "Power Electronic Converters for Wind Power Generation," IEEE 3D-PEIM, Miami, FL, 2023.
[C38] S. M. S. H. Rafin, R. Ahmed, and O. A. Mohammed, "Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Devices for Power Electronic Converters," IEEE 3D-PEIM, Miami, FL, 2023.
[C39] M. R. Sarkar, M. J. Nahar, A. Nadia, M. A. Halim, S. M. S. H. Rafin, and M. M. Rahman, "Proficiency Assessment of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Predict Wind Power," IEEE ICASERT, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2019.
[C40] S. M. S. H. Rafin and T. A. Lipo, "A Novel Cascaded Two Transistor H-Bridge Multilevel Voltage Source Converter Topology," ACEMP/OPTIM/ELECTROMOTION, Side, Turkey, 2015.
[C41] S. M. S. H. Rafin, T. A. Lipo, and B.-I. Kwon, "Performance Analysis of the Three Transistor Voltage Source Inverter Using Different PWM Techniques," IEEE ICPE-ECCE Asia, Seoul, Korea, 2015.
[C42] S. M. S. H. Rafin, T. A. Lipo, and B.-I. Kwon, "Novel Matrix Converter Topologies with Reduced Transistor Count," IEEE ECCE, Pittsburgh, PA, 2014.
[C43] S. M. S. H. Rafin, T. A. Lipo, and B.-I. Kwon, "A Novel Topology for a Voltage Source Inverter with Reduced Transistor Count," IEEE SPEEDAM, Ischia, Italy, 2014.
Grid-Forming Control & Inverter-Based Resources Developing novel grid-forming control architectures (SOAR-GFM) for autonomous inverter operation in modern power grids without reliance on a stiff grid reference.
Physics-Informed AI Control Designing safety-constrained neural networks and transformer-based AI controllers that integrate power system physics for stable and intelligent inverter control.
Electric Machine Design & Optimization Inventing sub-harmonic synchronous machine topologies with dual-inverter drives and permanent magnets for high-power transportation electrification.
Microgrid Energy Management & Resilience Developing hardware-implemented energy management systems for networked DC/AC microgrids with robust operation under disturbances and fault conditions.
Cyber-Physical Security Investigating resilience of microgrid control systems against denial-of-service attacks and SCADA intrusions using real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop testbeds.