Spectroscopy

We utilize scintillators to detect photons, and with a pulse-based arrangement, we can measure the photon spectrum across a range of radiation sources.

In our experimental research on gamma spectrometry, we utilize NIM (Nuclear Instrument Module) standards to ensure modularity and compatibility in our electronic setups. Our laboratory has employed photon spectrometers with scintillators such as CeBr3 (Cerium Bromide), CsI (Cesium Iodide), and NaI (Sodium Iodide) due to their distinct advantages based on a specific application. CeBr3 is chosen for its excellent energy resolution and low intrinsic background, making it ideal for precise measurements. NaI has excellent light output, which enhances detection efficiency. CsI, with its good stopping power and lower hygroscopic nature compared to NaI, is also a valuable tool in keV spectrometry. These scintillators convert gamma rays into visible light, which is then detected and analyzed to determine the energy spectrum of the gamma radiation, providing critical data for our research.

Proton Neutron Gamma-X ray Detection (PNGXD) is an innovative imaging technique designed to enhance proton therapy by utilizing secondary neutrons produced during treatment introduced by James Grafe. This method involves administering a gadolinium contrast agent (GDCA) to the tumor area, which captures the secondary neutrons produced as a byproduct of proton beam. The captured neutrons then produce characteristic photons within the 40–200 keV energy range, which are detected using advanced detectors like cadmium-telluride (CdTe) detectors. In collaboration with Grafe and Van Delinder, we developed the in vivo imaging for the tumor. This approach also resulted in a novel slow neutron detector which operated by  capturing neutrons in the 113Cd resulting in prompt gamma-rays with peak energies at 95.9 keV, 558.3 keV and 651.2 keV thus offering superior photon-to-neutron discrimination. This approach aims to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of proton therapy by providing detailed imaging of the tumor volume and surrounding tissues and longstanding challeneges with in vivo range verification.