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Measurements for all types of construction, be it building or civil works is done on a standard measuring form. Measurement items are couple together so that with minimum measurements the full range of items applicable to the element being measured is done in accordance with the standard system for doing building and civil works measurements. This document is usually cumbersome and untidy, and is abstracted into a more acceptable and well structured documents called a "Bill of Quantities".
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The Bill of Quantities can be defined as a worded document which interprets all information covered in drawings and accompanying specifications which if priced will provide an accurate cost for carrying out the works. By providing item quantities with item codes, all quantities as encountered in Project Measurements above are abstracted into the Bills of Quantities. This document is concise in that it depicts item references detailed descriptions to the extent that they can be accurately priced, the unit of measurement, the quantity, the rate which can be accurately compiled in accordance with the item description and the amount. This document for building works is usually in a trade format, and for civil works it is in an elemental format, and is recognized as the accepted form of document for calling for tenders in the construction industry.
Rate calculations are analyzed in a standard template under the subsection of preliminary & general, labour, materials, plant, subcontractors and overheads. When compiling rate calculations, the required preliminary & general, labour, material, plant and subcontract prices including waste and risk factors as drawn from the resource pricing file into the rate calculation and the final computed rate including profit is then inserted into the bill of quantities to then have compiled a priced bill of quantities.
The work breakdown schedule is a document constituting preliminary & general, labour, material, plant & subcontractors broken and subcontractors breakdown, further broken down into cost codes. It is important to recognize that this report should not be too cumbersome, as its purpose is to provide an early warning for where budgets set, are being over or under spent on, so that rectifications can be made as the works proceeds during the construction phase. This control is a management tool ensuring that the project is carried out on time and within the budget.
Acceptable detail for this report for cost codes is +/- 15 codes for preliminary & general, +/- 15 codes for labour (trades), +/- 50 codes for materials, +/- 15 codes for plant, and a separate cost code for each subcontractor (Refer Work Breakdown Schedule for cost codes). The schedule further depicts within each of the above codes, a column depicting the tender budget, progress budget linked to rate calculation file depicting budget spent in accordance with progress and cost incurred drawn from the goods & services received report. From this information a report is concluded depicting over and under spending on budgets cumulatively as well as monthly.
The goods and services received report is site based and records the daily deliveries of materials and services on the site in columns from left to right in date, delivery note number, purchase order number, invoice number, service provider/supplier name, description of material/service, quantity, rate, cost code, creditors code and total amount. This report actually becomes a site management tool which keeps site management on its toes regards the flow of materials and services, enabling the timeous placing of orders. Subcontractor payments and wages in cost code format can also be channeled through this report.
The computer program can assist the process but you should go through your material take offs with a fine tooth comb. Take offs should be done from full construction drawings and documents including any engineers drawings of the structure.
a. Tend to do their own take-offs (e.g., using On-Screen Takeoff or in-house proprietary software), due to their role and responsibility (and knowing what they are looking at may have errors). However, appreciative that there are schedules to act as a check for their work.
b. Scaled plans, sections, and exterior elevations, including roof PDFs (with scale legend) are very, very helpful to quickly set up for estimating. If the project has renovation, it's very helpful to have the existing, demolition, and new clearly defined so as to 'tell the story' and have as background for their (digital) take-offs.
c. Spreadsheet out-files with descriptors (as well as BIM quantities) are also useful to avoid having to re-type off-standard pick list data. Spatial data may also help as some early schematics are costed by square foot (though there is a trend to use the BIM unit data to push to ROM unit costing earlier in concept development).
d. Site PDF including logistical constraints or key resource information (e.g., narrow access, key utility runs and points, clearances, etc.) to be noted are also helpful for estimating GRs and so forth. Of course, a hardscaping/landscaping concept in PDF is good early on at least to project cost intensity (sometimes left till late and found to be wanting!)
Oh, I should add that over the past two years, I've seen a trend for GCs asking for the AOR's BIM model for their estimators to pull into a 3D estimating, sequencing, and logistics planning environment.
Once we've finished the building permit phase of a project, we will make a detailed budget / building cost calculation in Excel. We have (online) 3rd party documentation for building costs (which includes costs for materials and labour) that we refer to. This can vary from cost per unit, to volume, to surface, to length. We grab the values from Archicad with schedules. Ussually filtered by layer / classification. The Excel sheet follows the same classification. It is much quicker to generate a small schedule, than having one big schedule that pulls all the numbers from a project. It also takes a long time to look up the values you want, if the schedule is too big.
We are generally within 5%-10% of the winning bid if we invite multiple contractors to calculate costs for a contract bid. Our contract documentation includes detailed specifications following the national standard (very detailed), this is written in separate software, so the contractors can make a detailed and specified bid.
Edit: to add for anyone who will ask "why can't you do this all in Archicad, you shouldn't need Excel": it is very easy to generate data in the excel sheet, based of values pulled from Archicad for things you did not model. For example if you calculate the surface of a window in excel by inputting width and height, instead of grabbing the surface area from Archicad, it is now very easy to also get the length value of any trim made around that window, without having to actually model it.
If you work with a builder and they get the job you should be able to check with them if your quantities are line with the actual building costs. So overtime you will be more and more accurate and more confident about the actual construction costs and putting in a tender.
In this course, we will cover project estimation from the beginning, starting with foundation excavation and concluding with finishing touches. This course is designed to be easy to understand, You'll learn to estimate the entire project, from the initial groundwork to the final details, using AutoCAD and Excel. Join us to enhance your construction estimation skills and excel in your career.
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Quantity Surveying is a construction discipline focused on the cost estimation, budgeting, and management of building projects. It is an integral part of the construction process that ensures a project is completed within budget and on time.
Quantity Surveyors are responsible for assessing the cost of materials, labor, and any other costs associated with a project. They also provide advice on contracts and legal matters related to construction projects. Quantity Surveyors are essential for successful construction projects as they help to ensure that the project is completed within budget and on time.
Keeping this in mind, here at Coursesity, we have curated some of the Best Quantity Surveying Courses Online with certification. Hopefully, you will be able to find the best course to help you learn and analyze the quantities, measurements, and cost of material together with the cost of labor and the machinery required for the execution of a project.
It is a practical course on Estimation using AutoCAD & MS Excel. In addition to genuine examples, this course also consists of a full-fledged real project for better understanding. The course will prepare you to estimate any building project (from foundation to finish).
There is also a mini-project for students in this course. After finishing this course, you can estimate a complete project if you answer all the practice questions step-by-step. Additionally, you will plan the same project in Microsoft Project and Primavera P6.
Students will explore a wide range of topics, such as Tender Options, Take-Offs, Bills of Quantities, Risk Management, Final Accounts, Valuations, and Applications. Upon completion, you will have improved confidence and a better understanding of the most important and frequently used skills employed by a Quantity Surveyor.
With this advanced course, you will gain hands-on experience and master the skills of quantity estimation, costing, and business analysis through live project-based learning. This course involves a lot of projects to provide in-depth knowledge of the concepts (listed below) and provide exposure to different types of buildings. 152ee80cbc
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