Pulau Duyong is a small island located at the mouth of the Terengganu River in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, just north of the Kuala Terengganu city center. The island is connected to the mainland by roads and bridges crossing the Terengganu River and is situated near the river estuary where the river flows into the South China Sea. Kuala Terengganu town lies directly to the south, while the Terengganu River surrounds much of the island’s southern and western edges, with the South China Sea located to the east and northeast. 

Kota Lama Duyong (Fort Duyong) is located on Pulau Duyong in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. It was built between 1919 and 1920 by Dato’ Biji Sura (Nik Muhammad bin Hitam) and originally served as a residential complex and center for religious study. The fort combines traditional Malay architecture with foreign influences, such as Corinthian columns and Islamic decorative motifs, and is often described as a Malay fortress due to its high brick walls and enclosed courtyard.

Architecturally, it features nine connected roofs covering the main house, kitchen, veranda, and bathroom, and incorporates traditional Malay house types including Bujang Berpeleh, Limas Bungkus, and Limas Belanda. The building was constructed using wood, bricks, lime, sand, egg white, and stone, reflecting local craftsmanship, and includes intricate wooden carvings (sobek) on verandas and doors. The high protective walls surrounding the compound give it a fortress-like appearance.

Culturally, Kota Lama Duyong served as a center for Islamic learning, attracting scholars and students, and represents the heritage and craftsmanship of Terengganu. Despite suffering major floods, it has been restored to preserve its historical value. Today, Kota Lama Duyong functions as a heritage site and museum, welcoming visitors interested in Terengganu’s architecture, history, and culture.