Mathematics & Numeracy

Introduction and Importance of Mathematics & Numeracy 

Mathematics and numeracy encourage creativity as children are challenged to investigate pattern, shape, measurement, and problem-solving through play. Early numeracy encompasses more than counting; it involves spatial awareness, reasoning, and making connections through concrete experiences (Clements & Sarama, 2009). Tasks involving block building, sorting objects, or measuring with measuring cups encourage critical thinking and creative problem-solving. Creative mathematics is developed when children utilise open-ended materials to create strategies and representations, building confidence and curiosity. The EYLF supports the embedding of mathematical ideas in routines and play every day to develop both logical thinking and creative expression (AGDE, 2022). Mathematics therefore facilitates holistic development by combining imagination and analytical thinking. 

Theories and Perspectives

Piaget's cognitive theory emphasises children's creation of mathematical knowledge through active discovery, concrete manipulation of objects to build concepts of number and quantity (Piaget, 1952). Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasizes learning mathematics through social interactions and guided problem-solving, with teachers offering scaffolding for innovative thinking (Vygotsky, 1978). Montessori method promotes the use of manipulative materials, including number rods and beads, to build numeracy creatively through sensory discovery (Montessori, 1967). Additionally, Skemp's relational understanding promotes meaningful connection rather than rote memorisation, solving problems in an inventive way (Skemp, 1976). The EYLF and recent research (Geist, 2014) promote the incorporation of mathematics into playful settings, stating that creativity flourishes when mathematical thinking is treated as an inquiry-based, pleasant process. 

Resources, Materials, and Digital Technologies

To engage children with mathematics and numeracy in an innovative manner, teachers can use loose materials (pom-poms, sticks, leaves, stones, seeds), colored paper, markers, glue, and natural materials for counting, sorting, and making patterns. Whereas the video activity uses pom-poms for drawing shapes, the number mat uses natural materials, which is conducive to tactile learning. All of these materials are conducive to fine motor development and early numeracy (Geist, 2014). Computer technologies such as counting software, interactive geometry games, and smartboard lessons provide additional engagement, with immediate feedback and creative exploration (Clements & Sarama, 2009). The combination of both natural and computer resources enables children to explore mathematical relationships in new ways, encouraging creativity and critical thinking within the early childhood environment. 

Learning Experiences:
0–2 Years 

1. Shape Sorting with Large Soft Blocks 

https://i5.walmartimages.com/asr/bbc0744b-49a2-4c78-9740-6c5038271070_1.61c87bd33623254a4f8c0cadd1a484ad.jpeg?odnWidth=1000&odnHeight=1000&odnBg=ffffff 

2. Counting Songs with Props 

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/70/53/1e/70531ef02be753b0eb47aaa3b5818518--kindergarten-math-maths.jpg 

2–3 Years  

1. Pom-Pom Shape Tracing 

https://i0.wp.com/entertainyourtoddler.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/re_DSC_8537.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 

2. Counting with Natural Resources

https://tse3.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.1NxoG8taN5iJITXog8yFggAAAA?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain&o=7&rm=3 

3–5 Years 

1. Creative Pattern Necklace Making 

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/ee/69/78/ee6978fa0a562425b136f6a09c9f0896.jpg 

2. Shape Hunt 

http s://tse2.mm.bing.net/th/id/OIP.r4pcl3FgebAleHNFwwJpYAHaJ4?rs=1&pid=ImgDetMain&o=7&rm=3 

6–8 Years 

1. Build a Bridge Challenge 

https://frugalfun4boys.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Lego-Bridge-Building-2-1280x978.jpg 

2. Digital Geometry Creation 

https://edxeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/edx-education_38111C_Early_Math101_to_go_GeometryProblem_Solving_Level3-0.jpg 

Reflection and Evaluation

Creating and considering both the pom-pom tracing and counting natural materials activities built my understanding of how everyday materials foster mathematical creativity. I learned that the use of natural materials and manipulative props in an early learning setting not only strengthens early numeracy but also connects learning to the environment. The leaf and stick number mat was successful at connecting numbers to actual objects, with opportunities for exploration. I would enhance both activities by incorporating greater use of verbal prompts and interactive questioning to enhance mathematical thinking.