A Public Health Initiative Addressing Energy Drink Marketing to Youth Through College Sports
Energy drink consumption by children and teens is rising despite medical experts advising to avoid them entirely.1,2 More than 80% of youth are exposed to energy drink marketing, yet fewer than one-third see warnings about the health risks of these products.3 Caffeine-related emergency department visits have doubled among children and teens since 2017, according to an Epic Research analysis.⁴ Rare but fatal cardiac events have been reported in young Americans and athletes linked to energy drink consumption—including 14-year-old Anais Fournier, 16-year-old Davis Allen Cripe, and 17-year-old Larissa Rodriguez.5-9 U.S. poison-center surveillance documented 10,588 energy drink exposures over three years, including 14 life-threatening outcomes and an adolescent arrhythmic death.10
On July 7, 2026, the Big 12 made Monster Energy the entitlement partner of its football and basketball seasons — a first in college sports.11 This stimulant brand will appear on jerseys, courts, and social media.
The Big 12 is a youth-facing organization: field days at elementary schools, Kids in Sports Day — and Monster Energy now presents its game-day student sections on national television.11-13 Studies show that young fans see sports-themed energy drink advertising as encouraging them to use energy drinks during sports, and exposure to such advertising is linked to greater energy drink use among them.14-18 This partnership pairs a concentrated stimulant with elite college athletes. Young impressionable fans may perceive energy drinks as part of peak athletic performance and as safe for hydration and training.9,19-22 This public health initiative addresses broad concerns about youth-facing, sports-themed promotion within the energy drink category and does not allege wrongdoing by any one company or organization.
Universities are home to medical and scientific experts who understand the health implications of energy drinks and youth marketing. Youth-facing, sports-themed promotion through college athletics deserves thoughtful consideration by university leaders and scholars.
After energy drink consumption, there is a measurable rise in blood pressure and heart rate, and prolongation of the heart's electrical recovery between beats (the QT interval), which can predispose to abnormal rhythms. Irregular heartbeats, serious heart rhythm disturbances, severe anxiety, seizures, and deaths have been reported after energy drink consumption, most often in young people.24-26 Energy drink use has also been linked to sleep disruption, depression, suicidality, worse academic performance, and increased substance use and risky behaviors among children and teens.27 Energy drinks contain more than caffeine, including guarana and ginseng, whose combined stimulant effects may differ from caffeine alone.28 For student-athletes, the NCAA classifies caffeine and its sources, including guarana, as stimulants under its banned-substances policy.29 Manufacturers are not required to disclose the amount of every ingredient, and the FDA does not set a caffeine limit for energy drinks.30 Children aren't small adults — the same can is a far larger dose for a smaller body. These highly caffeinated stimulant drinks are sold in candy and fruit flavors that children and teens love, yet there is no U.S. federal age restriction on their sale.31,32
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