8/16/23-Kratom & Challenges in Substance Use Treatment

Presentation Resources

• Anwar M, Law R, Schier J. Notes from the Field. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Exposures Reported to Poison Centers — United States, 2010–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;65:748–749
  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6529a4

• Ahuja T, Mgbako O, Katzman C, Grossman A. Phenibut (β-Phenyl-γ-aminobutyric Acid) Dependence and Management of Withdrawal: Emerging Nootropics of Abuse. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2018;2018:9864285. Published 2018 Apr 30

• Joshi YB, Friend SF, Jimenez B, Steiger LR. Dissociative Intoxication and Prolonged Withdrawal Associated With Phenibut: A Case Report. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37(4):478-480

• Schifano F, Orsolini L, Duccio Papanti G, Corkery JM. Novel psychoactive substances of interest for psychiatry. World Psychiatry. 2015;14(1):15- 26.

• Brunner E, Levy R. Case Report of Physiologic Phenibut Dependence Treated With a Phenobarbital Taper in a Patient Being Treated With Buprenorphine. J Addict Med. 2017 May/Jun;11(3):239-240. PubMed PMID: 28441273.
  Abstract only

• Owen DR, Wood DM, Archer JR, Dargan PI. Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid): Availability, prevalence of use, desired effects and acute toxicity. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2016 Sep;35(5):591-6. doi: 10.1111/dar.12356. Epub 2015 Dec 23. PubMed PMID: 26693960.
  Abstract only

• Sankary S, Canino P, Jackson J. Phenibut overdose. Am J Emerg Med. 2017 Mar;35(3):516.e1-516.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.08.067.
  Abstract only

• Li W, Madhira B. Phenibut (β-Phenyl-γ-Aminobutyric Acid) Psychosis. Am J Ther. 2017 Sep/Oct;24(5):e639-e640. PMID: 28723730.
  no text or abstract available

• Hardman MI, Sprung J, Weingarten TN. Acute phenibut withdrawal: A comprehensive literature review and illustrative case report. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2018 Dec 3. doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.4008. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 30501608

• Downes MA, Berling IL, Mostafa A, Grice J, Roberts MS, Isbister GK. Acute behavioural disturbance associated with phenibut purchased via an internet supplier. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53(7):636-8. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1059945. Epub 2015 Jun 26. Pu
  Abstract Only

• Wong A, Little M, Caldicott D, Easton C, Andres D, Greene SL. Analytically confirmed recreational use of Phenibut (β-phenyl-γ-aminobutyric acid) bought over the internet. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53(7):783-4. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1059944. Epub 201

• El Zahran T, Schier J, Glidden E, Kieszak S, Law R, Bottei E, Aaron C, King A, Chang A. Characteristics of Tianeptine Exposures Reported to the National Poison Data System - United States, 2000-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Aug 3;67(30):815-818. d

Related Resources:

• Kratom: It's legal in Michigan and people are using it to get high. Here's what to know

• An Unusual Presentation of an Uncommon Drug: A Case Report on Phenibut Overdose

• Phenibut (β-Phenyl-γ-Aminobutyric Acid): an Easily Obtainable "Dietary Supplement" With Propensities for Physical Dependence and Addiction