A selection of more than 500 published articles in peer-reviewed journals and books
Human exposure to sunlight
Human exposure to ultraviolet radiation. In: Photodermatology (Ed. J.L.M. Hawk), Arnold, London, 1999, 5-24
Outdoor ultraviolet exposure of children and adolescents. Br J Dermatol 1996; 134: 1030-1034
Population exposure to solar UVA radiation. Eur J Dermatol 1996; 6:221-222
Climate change, ozone depletion and the impact on ultraviolet exposure of human skin. Phys Med Biol 2004; 49: R1-R11
Do we need a revised public health policy on sun exposure? Br J Dermatol 2006; 154: 1046-1051
A behavioural model for estimating personal exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84: 371–375
A contemporary strategy for sun exposure. In: Twenty Years of Ozone Decline (Eds. C Zerefos, G Contopoulos, G Skalkeas), Springer 2009, 381-384
An overview analysis of the time people spend outdoors. Br J Dermatol 2011; 164: 848-854
Solar spectral irradiance and summary outputs using Excel. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91: 553-557
Sunburn and ambient temperature. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178: e124
The solar ultraviolet environment at the ocean. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94: 611-617
Sunburn at the seaside. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2018; 34: 298-301
Time and place as modifiers of personal UV exposure. Int J Environ Res Pub Health 2018; 15: 1112-1128
The early days of personal solar ultraviolet dosimetry. Atmosphere 2020; 11: 125
Estimating personal solar ultraviolet radiation exposure through time spent outdoors, ambient levels and modelling approaches. Br J Dermatol 2021; https://doi. org/10.1111/bjd.20703
Erythema and and Acclimatization Following Repeated Sun Exposure: A Modeling Study. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97: 1558-1567
Predicting the risks of UV exposure
An analysis of the risk of skin cancer from sunlight and sunbeds in subjects living in Northern Europe. Photodermatol 1987; 4: 118‑126
Solar ultraviolet radiation effects on biological systems. Phys Med Biol 1991; 36: 299‑328
Stratospheric ozone depletion and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in a British population. Phys Med Biol 1992; 37: 2267-79
The risk of skin cancer from occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation in hospitals. Physics in Medicine and Biology 1988; 33: 1187‑1193
Ozone depletion and skin cancers. In: Epidemiology, Causes and Prevention of Skin Diseases (Eds J.J. Grob, R.S. Stern, R.M. Mackie, M.A. Weinstock), Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, 1997, 77-84
The future incidence of cutaneous melanoma within the UK. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151: 868-872
The risk of squamous cell cancer in females from exposure to UVA lamps used in cosmetic nail treatment. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167: 1175-1178
The influence of HIV infection on the age dependence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in South Africa. S Afr Med J 2017; 107: 127-129
Vitamin D
Do white British children and adolescents get enough sunlight? Br Med J 2005; 331: 3-4
Is casual exposure to summer sunlight effective at maintaining adequate vitamin D status? Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2010; 26: 172–176
Ultraviolet A sunbeds and vitamin D. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 65: 1059-1060
Modelling vitamin D status due to oral intake and sun exposure in an adult British population. Br J Nutr 2013; 110: 569–577
Sunbeds
Cosmetic tanning and human skin cancer. In: Skin Cancer: mechanisms and relevance, (Ed H. Mukhtar), CRC Press, Florida, 1995, 31-37
Use of UV‑A sunbeds for cosmetic tanning. Br J Dermatol 1986; 115: 67‑76
A quantitative estimate of melanoma mortality from ultraviolet A sunbed use in the UK. Br J Dermatol 2003; 149: 578-581
Sunbeds, beauty and melanoma. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157: 215-216
Sunbeds and young people - an easy target for legislation? Br J Dermatol 2013; 169: 236-237
Suntanning with sunscreens: a comparison with sunbed tanning. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2015; 31: 307-314
Sunscreens & Sun Protection
A new substrate to measure sunscreen protection factors throughout the ultraviolet spectrum. J Soc Cosmet Chem 1989; 40: 127‑133
The need for sunscreens with broad spectrum protection. In: Biological responses to ultraviolet A radiation (Ed. F. Urbach), Valdenmar Publishing Company, Overland Park, KS, 1992, 321-328
Sun protection with hats. Br J Dermatol 1992; 127: 10-12
Indices of protection from in vitro assay of sunscreens. In: Sunscreens: Development, Evaluation and Regulatory Aspects (Eds. N.J. Lowe, N.A. Shaath and M.A. Pathak), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997, 589-600
Sunscreens: use and misuse. In: Sun Protection in Man (Ed. PU Giacomoni), Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, 2001, 521-534
A perspective on the need for topical sunscreens. In: Sunscreens: Regulations and Commercial Development, 3rd edition (Ed. NA Shaath), Boca Raton FL: Taylor & Francis Group 2005, 45-53
A method for broad spectrum classification of sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 1994; 16: 47-52
Has the sun protection factor had its day? Br Med J 2000; 320: 176-177
Personal Protection: the way forward. Rad Prot Dosim 2000; 91: 293-296
Sunscreens and UVA Protection: a major issue of minor importance. Photochem Photobiol 2001; 74: 61-63
When should sunscreen be reapplied? J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45: 882-885
Sunscreen isn’t enough. Journal of Photochem Photobiol B: Biology 2001; 64: 105-108
Is daily use of sunscreens of benefit in the UK? Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 659-662
Sun protection factor determination in vivo using a single exposure on sunscreen-protected skin. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2003; 19: 309-312
What can be done to reduce personal ultraviolet radiation exposure? In: Prevention of Skin Cancer. (Eds. DJ Hill, JM Elwood, DR English), Cancer Prevention-Cancer Causes, Vol 3. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic 2004, 241-258
Sunscreens and melanoma: the future looks bright. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 378-381
Spectral Uniformity: a new index of broad spectrum (UVA) protection. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31: 63-68
Sunscreens: expectation and realisation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2009; 25: 233–236
Sunscreens as a preventative measure in melanoma: an evidence-based approach or the precautionary principle? Br J Dermatol 2009; 161 (Suppl. 3): 25-27
The impact of topical photoprotectants intended for daily use on lifetime ultraviolet exposure.J Cosmet Dermatol 2011; 10: 245-250
What should the minimum recommended SPF be to avoid sunburn? Cosmetics & Toiletries 2012; 127: 100-102
The ideal spectral profile of topical sunscreens. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88: 744-747
The likelihood of sunburn in sunscreen users is disproportionate to the SPF. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2013; 29: 111-115
A novel proposal for labelling sunscreens based on compliance and performance. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35: 510-514
“Slop on some sunscreen”: the mysteries and truth about sunscreen. In: Sun, Skin and Health (Ed. T Slevin), Collingwood: CSIRO Publishing 2014, 75-95
A critical appraisal of the need for infrared radiation protection in sunscreens. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15: 361-364
New sunscreens and the precautionary principle. JAMA Dermatology 2016; 152: 511-512
Optimizing the spectral absorption profile of sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2017; 39: 90-92
Photoprotection. In: Cosmetic Medicine & Surgery (Eds. P Andre, E Haneke, L Marini, C Rowland Payne). CRC Press 2016, 89-98
Lablelled sunscreen SPFs may overestimate protection in natural sunlight. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16: 1519-1523
A theoretical and experimental study of the temporal reduction in UV protection provided by a facial day cream. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40: 401-407
Sunburn and sun protection in black skin. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58: 1053-1055
Sunscreen claims, risk management and consumer confidence. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42: 1-4
Drivers for sun protection in black South Africans. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96: 943-944
Sunscreens and the Precautionary Principle. In: Challenges in Sun Protection. Curr Probl Dermatol. (Eds. C Surber, U Osterwalder). Basel, Karger, 2021, vol 55, pp 394-399
Is it necessary to wear sunscreen indoors? Br J Dermatol 2022; 187: 10009-1010
Sun protection: false beliefs and misguided advocacy. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188: 552-554
When should sunscreen be applied: the balance between health benefit and adverse consequences to humans and the environment. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45: 45-51
Is sunscreen alone effective at preventing sunburn on a high-solar beach vacation: A modelling study? Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100: 725-732