ABSTRACT:

The present study reports the morphology and anatomy of the leaves of two well known medicinal plants in Sudan; Nerium oleander and Catharanthus roseus family (Apocynaceae). Morphologically, the two studied species have green leaves with entire margins, acute apex and reticulate venation. Radar shape for leaf length, leaf width, leaf apex angle and leaf base angle showed that these characters are correlated for each species. Anatomically, the two species have anisocytic stomata. N. oleander leaf showed larger number of epidermal hairs and four layers of epidermal cells, calcium oxalate crystals, sunken stomata and isobilateral leaves. Leaves of Catharanthus roseus are of smaller number of epidermal hairs, one layer of epidermal cells and the leaf is dorsiventral. The vascular bundles of the two species are bicollateral.

Abstract:

This study deals with Acacia nilotica fruits, Ammi visnaga fruits and Pimpinella anisum fruits, these plants were selected because of their popularity and they are highly used, they were purchased from herbarium markets of Khartoum. The study is divided into two parts, the main part is morph anatomical studies of the fruits of the plants because it is important in the identification of the medicinal plant when it is in the powder or broken forms. The preparation of permanent slides was done using wax methods. The results of the morphanatomical studies were described and shown in photomicrographs. The transverse sections of the fruits of A. nilotica, A. visnaga and P. anesum are formed of many layers. The epicarp is one layer of small cells covered with cuticle. Many trichomes appeared projecting from the epidermal cells. The mesocarp is formed of parenchyma cells filled with reserved materials, tannins in A. nilotica and vittae oil cavities in A. visnaga and P. anesum. Part two includes physichemical studies of the powder of the studied plant fruits to determine the percentage values of moisture, ash, acid insoluble ash, alcol soluble extractives, and water soluble ash.