ABSTRACT:

The aim of the present research study was to investigate the possible antihyperlipidemic activity of fish oils obtained from two Nile fishes: Bagrous bagrous and Bagrous docmc in cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in albino rats. Treatment with B.bagrous “Bayad” fish oil at (1000, 500 and 250mg/kg b. w) showed significant (p<0.05) change in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) level, in addition , total cholesterol(TC) at (500mg/mg b. w), in 28 days treatment when compared to the control group (GP A).Treatment with B. docmac “Kaparose” fish oil at (1000,500 and 250mg/kg b. w) showed significant change (P<0.05) in all investigated lipid parameters (except TC at a dose of 250 mg /kg b. w), in 28 days treatment when compared to the control group (GP A). In hyperlipidemic activity rats treated cholesterol diet (GP B), a significant increase in serum cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and TG was observed on 28th days, when compared to normal rats (GP A). This shows that administration of cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in the present study. .Group C receiving standard drug (Atorvastatin, 0.18 mg/kg b. w) and group D to group K receiving fish oils from “Bayad” and “Kaparose” 1000 mg/kg b. w, 500 mg/kg b. w, respectively showed a significant reduction in TC, LDL, VLDL and TG on 28th days in GP F(rats treated with 250 mg/kg b. w”Bayad” fish oil) , while showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL in GP K(rats treated with 250 mg/kg b. w ”Kaparose” fish oil) when compared to cholesterol group(GP B).Group F (rats treated with 250 mg/kg b. w “Bayad “ fish oil) showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in TC, VLDL and TG on 28th days , while group K(rats treated with 250 mg/kg b. w “Kaparose” fish oil) showed a significand (P<0.05) reduction in TC when compared to standard drug(Atorvastatin).

Abstract: 

The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic/safety potential of Polygonum glabrum stem ethanolic extracts at high, medium and low doses in albino rats using haematological, biochemical and histopathological indices of toxicity. Twenty male albino rats were grouped into four groups. Group A: control; administrated 10ml/kg of normal saline. B: 1000mg/kg, C: 500mg/kg and D: 200mg/kg. Blood samples were collected after 14 and 28 days. Effects on haematological parameters were assessed by analysis of, White blood cell (WBC), Red blood cells (RBCS), Hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet (PLT), Lymphocytes(Lym). Plasma was used for determination of liver function, total protein, albumin levels, glucose and cholesterol, kidney function include creatinine and urea. The results after14 days on haematological parameters revealed significant increase in RBC, HGB, HCT and MCV at 1000mg/kg (p<0.01) and (p<0.05), significant increase in RBC, HGB, HCT and MCV at 500mg/kg, whereas after 28 days revealed significant difference in WBC and MCH at 1000mg /kg (p<0.05), there was significant decrease in LyM at 500mg/kg, HGB, HCT and LyM at 200mg/kg (p<0.05). The effects after 14 days on biochemical parameter revealed increase in albumin, ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol and glucose at 1000mg/kg (p<0.05), significant increase in creatinine at 500mg/kg and in albumin, ALT and AST at 200mg/kg (p<0.05), whereas after 28days there was significant difference in albumin, ALP, glucose and Creatinine at 1000mg /kg (p<0.05), significant difference in glucose and urea at 500mg/kg (p<0.05). The extract also induced portal cellular infiltration, periportal congestion and Hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes in liver as well as cortical congestion and interstitial hemorrhages and swollen, pale and massive fatty change in cytoplasm. In kidney mild and sever necrosis, degeneration and cloudy swelling in tubules and slightly shrinkage glomenular tufts.

ABSTRACT:

 Background and aim: The uses of Ambrosia in herbal medicine are various and still to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ambrosia maritima in the blood glucose, serum lipids, Haemoglobin, hematologic values of blood cells, and the possible organ toxicity in laboratory rats in response to Ambrosia oral ingestion for three weeks. Materials and methods: Ambrosia maritima leaves were pounded to powder using a pestle. 100mg for each kilogram of bodyweight (mg/kg/bw) were weighted for each rat. Sera for blood glucose, lipid profile, blood parameters, and histology slides for liver and kidneys were prepared and studied after the above dose administration-orally, for three weeks. Results: There was a significant weight gain; increase in albumin level, mean corpuscular volume of Red blood cells (MCV), also there was a significant reduction in plasma cholesterol, serum Aspartate aminotransferase enzyme (AST), and white blood cells count (WBCs) and Platelets count of the Rats. Other blood and serum changes were insignificant. Histological examination showed hemorrhage and fatty changes, and renal tubular necrosis of epithelial cells and scattered lymphoid nodules in the congested cortex. Conclusion: Oral ingestion of Ambrosia maritima extract for three weeks reduced Cholesterol and blood glucose, increased the gross body weight, reduced AST, increased Albumin, MCV, MCHC, and reduced WBCs and Platelets in the Albino Rats. The nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of Ambrosia are demonstrable in the histology slides.

ABSTRACT:

 This current study aimed to evaluate the C. zambesicus extracts were harvested in Sudan, on biochemical parameters (Glucose, total protein, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP) and toxic effects in albino male rats compared to representing control. Thirty five male albino rats with initial weights ranging from 100-150 g were used in this study. Ethanol 70% for 72 hours at room temperature with occasional shaking and prepared extract was used for the various tests. Rats’ plasma were tested for biochemical parameters. The data were subjected to one –way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Different groups were treated with ethanolic extract. Glucose, T. protein, AST and ALT they were increased in experimental group B 1 while the remainders they were decreased. In experimental group C 1 Glucose, T. protein, Albumin and AST they were increased, the remainders were decreased. In experimental group D 1 Glucose, T. protein, Albumin, AST, ALT, and ALP they were increased, while the remainders they were decreased. In experimental group B2 all parameters they were decreased, except AST it was increased. Albumin, triglycerides, creatinine, ALT and ALP in the group C2 were decreased, while Glucose, T. protein, Urea and AST were increased. Cholesterol, AST, ALT and ALP in the group D2 were increased, while Glucose, T. protein, triglycerides, urea and creatinine were decreased.

Abstract:

 The indigenous medicinal plants in Sudan form an important component of the natural wealth of the country. The effects of oral administration of Geigeria alata aqueous extract at doses 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg body weight on haematological profiles in male albino rats was investigated in this research work. Albino rat animals were divided into four groups of 6 animals each. Group1: control, Group 2, 3 and 4 were administrated orally by 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg body weight, plant extracts respectively, throughout the experiment which contained for consecutive 14 days. The blood parameters measured were: haemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cells (RBC), White Blood Cells (WBC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Lymphocytes and Neutrophils, Lymphocytes and Neutrophils, plant extract after 14 days did not produce any significant change (P < 0.05) on haemotological parameters tested, relative to their respective control. Significant changes were noted in body weights of rats treated with 1500 mg/kg body weight after 14 days, relative to Control Group. Sub-acute toxicity studies in rats showed that no mortality was recorded in any of the groups even at 1500 mg/kg body weight dose.

ABSTRACT:

Croton tiglium is commonly used to treat constipation in African countries including Sudan. This study aim to evaluate histopathologic changes in Liver tissue after treated with Croton tiglium mixed with animals diet in male albino rats. The rats were divided into three groups containing of 6 rats per group for each , and they treated as follow : Group I serve as control, Group II & III: Were given a mixture of animals diet with Croton tiglium diet at concentrations of 10% and 20% respectively. Treatment of rats with 10% of Croton tiglium showed no remarkable damages or signs of lesions on specimens taken from animals for histopathological examinations ,but rats under 20% treatment showed some abnormal (alterations) .Therefore, the fruits of Croton tiglium at 20% are toxic to rats . Further studies are necessary to isolate and characterize the bioactive constituents in the fruits and to elucidate modes of compound actions and interactions.

This study aims to investigate the anti-parasite, anti-oxidant activities, cytotoxicity and chemical contents of Rhynchosia memnonia var. memnonia and Sonchus oleraceus aerial parts. The study showed the efficacy of the ethanolic extracts of R. memnonia var. memnonia and S. oleraceus against Giardia lamblia. R. memnonia var. memnonia was a high effect of (76%) at a concentration of 500 ppm after 72 h, while the highest result of the crude extract of S. oleraceus was (86%) at the same concentration after 72 h. The antioxidant activity of S.oleraceus ethanolic crude extract showed high activity (72 %). At the same time, the ethanolic extract of R. memnonia var. memnonia showed weak activity (36 %). This was done using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of cytotoxicity testing revealed that the ethanolic extract of R. memnonia var. memnonia is highly toxic, while the toxicity was slight for the ethanolic extract of S. oleraceus used to brine shrimp. In addition, the cytotoxicity (MTT-assay) of these plants’ ethanolic extracts against the normal Vero cell line verified the safety of the examined extracts with an IC50 less than 100 μg/ml. In order to detect the constituents of crude extracts, GC-MS was used. The analysis revealed the presence of 22 compounds in the ethanolic extract of R. memnonia var. memnonia and eleven compounds in the S. oleraceus crude extract. From R.memnonia var. memnonia and S. oleraceus, the main compounds detected were n-Hexadecadnoic acid and Lup-20(29)-en-3b-ol, respectively. Also, many other compounds were identified at low area percent from these extracts.

ABSTRACT:

Aqueous extracts of dried Conyza aegyptiaca (Asteraceae) aerial parts, Morettia phillaeana (Del.) DC. (Brassicaceae) aerial parts, Acacia mellifera (Vahl.) Benth. (Mimosaceae) stem bark and Fagonia cretica L. (Zygophyllaceae) aerial parts were tested for larvicidal activity against the third instar larvae of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Extracts of C. aegyptiaca (LC50 = 1.55 mg/ml), M.phillaeana (LC50 = 5.50 mg/ml), A.mellifera (LC50 = 4.79 mg/ml) and F.cretica (LC50 = 13.80 mg/ml) were all promising as larvicides.

Abstract:

Background and objectives: The indigenous medicinal plants in Sudan form an important component of the natural wealth of the country. Most of these plants have been used indiscriminately by many local populations for managing various diseases without actually knowing how relief is brought about or its safety/toxicity risks. The effect of oral administration of Blepharis linariifolia ethanolic extract alone and/or co-administered with aluminium chloride at different doses on haematological profile in white albino rats was investigated in this study.

Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into five groups of five animals each. Group A: Control, Group B, C were administered orally by AlCl3 alone (0.5 mg/Kg BW), plant extract (400 mg/ml), plant extract (200 mg/ml), respectively, throughout the experiment which continued for consecutive 14 days and 28 days Group E was administered with plant extract (400 mg/ml) concurrently with AlCl3 for consecutive 14 days and 28 days. The blood parameters measured were: White Blood Cells count (WBCs), Red Blood Cells count (RBCs), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Haemocrit value (HCT), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Haemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), Platelets (PLT) and Lymphocytes (LYM).

Results: Treatment of rats (B group) with AlCl3 after 14 days caused significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 in total RBC count, Hb, HCT and MCV. Whereas after 28 days caused a significant difference in WBC and MCV. Treatment of rats (C group) with 400 mg/ml/Kg BW of plant extract after 14 and 28 days caused significant difference at P<0.05 in the WBC count and Hb values relative to their respective control. Administration of rats ( D group) with 200 mg/ml of plant extract plus AlCl3 did not produce any significant change (P<0.05) on the RBC and factors relating to it (Hb,HCT,MCV,MCH and MCHC) on 14 days. Interestingly, administration of the plant extract 200 mg/ml plus AlCl3 produced significant alterations only in the platelets. Administration of 200 mg/ml plant extract plus AlCl3 for 28 days produce significant change (P<0.05) on the RBC, Hb and HCT.There was no significant difference (P<0.05 and P<0.01) after treatment with 400mg/ml extract plus AlCl3 for 14 days between the two control group and the treated (E group) for RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and LYM, and at P<0.01 for WBC. The PLT values were significantly different at P<0.05 and P<0.01 between the control and treated group after 14 and 28 days.

Conclusion: uptake of ethanolic extract of B. linariifolia alone or co-administered with AlCl3 had mitigated aluminum chloride – induce anemia and raised the values of blood indices of anemia, almost, to their normal levels.