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Biochemistry is a study of the chemical substances and processes that occur in plants, animals, and microorganisms and of the changes they undergo during development and life. It deals with the chemistry of life, and as such it draws on the techniques of analytical, organic, and physical chemistry.
Molecular biology, field of science concerned with studying the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena that involve the basic units of life, molecules. The field of molecular biology is focused especially on nucleic acids (e.g., DNA and RNA) and proteins—macromolecules that are essential to life processes—and how these molecules interact and behave within cells. Molecular biology emerged in the 1930s, having developed out of the related fields of biochemistry, genetics, and biophysics; today it remains closely associated with those fields.
Genetic relationships of two Pulicaria species.pdfGenetic relationships between two Pulicaria species and identification of their putative hybrids using RAPD markers.
Genetic relationships between two Pulicaria species and identification of their putative hybrids using RAPD markers.
Genetic Relationships of two Sonchus Species Collected from two Locations in Khartoum State Using RAPD Markers.pdfGenetic Relationships of two Sonchus Species Collected from two Locations in Khartoum State Using RAPD Markers.
Genetic Relationships of two Sonchus Species Collected from two Locations in Khartoum State Using RAPD Markers.
Abstract:
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to assess genetic diversity in Sonchus oleraceus and Sonchus cornatus (Asteraceae), vulnerable medicinal plants collected from two locations (Shambat and Omdurman) in Khartoum state. The DNA extracted by Cetyltrimethyl ammonim bromide method (CTAB) from the plant sample was amplified by successive PCR cycles. Using 15 random primers, the amplified DNA was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. 74 different bands were observed under UV light. A total of 51 polymorphisms (3.4 polymorphic markers per primer) out of 74 (4.9 fragments per primer) were obtained from the 15 primers used. Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) clustering resulted in two major groups. According to the dendrogram, two groups were obtained based on genetic distance. The first group is indicated by A1 and A2 which were genetically similar. The second group included B1 and B2. S. oleraceus and S. cornatus from Shambat area clustered together on dendrogram and those from Omdurman area in other cluster.
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