Cikarang Integrated Industrial Estate Proposals

Abstract

Based on the policies of RTRW in Bekasi Regency for 2011- 2031, it stated that the Jababeka Industrial Estate for Development Areas I and II as function for Center Of Local Activities. It is formed as large-scale with industrial functions. As a Local Activity Center and large residential area with industrial functions, the problem is whether the Jababeka Industrial Estate is available to be called as a New Town. Then, the researcher conducted with the objective of formulating efforts to create the Jababeka Industrial Estate in Cikarang of Bekasi Regency as a new town through several objectives. The first objective of this research was to formulate factors and new town for determinant variable by using Delphi analysis techniques. The second objectives is to determine the priorities of the factors and variables that can influence as Jababeka Industrial Estate into a new town by using AHP. The third objectives is to formulate the development direction by using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The final result of this research is the direction of development of the Jababeka Industrial Estate to be a new town. The direction is produced such as the elements as a forming of the city that are still not fulfilled or available. Then, it needs additions and improvements in the Jababeka Industrial Estate itself. Keywords: Jababeka Industrial Estate, New Town

DAFTAR ISI

Abstrak ................................................................................................................................................................ i

KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................................................................iii

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................................................ v

DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................................................................viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................................................................. xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1

Latar Belakang............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2

Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3

Tujuan dan Sasaran...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4

Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ........................................................................................................................ 5 1.4.1

Ruang Lingkup Wilayah Studi................................................................................................................... 5 1.4.2

Ruang Lingkup Substansi............................................................................................................................. 9 1.5

Manfaat Penelitian........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.6

Sistematika Penulisan........................................................................................................................................ 9

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA......................................................................................................................... 11 2.1

Kota ............................................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1

Pengertian Kota ......................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2

Ciri-Ciri Kota ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.3

Kriteria Kota............................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.4

Fungsi Kota ............................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.5

Klasifikasi Kota............................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2

Faktor-faktor Pembentuk Kota ................................................................................................................. 18 2.3

Sarana dan Prasarana Pembentuk Kota .................................................................................................. 19 2.3.1

Sarana Kota ............................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.2

Elemen Prasarana Kota .............................................................................................................................. 26 2.4

Perkembangan Kota................................................................................................................................. 28 2.4.1

Pengertian Perkembangan Kota ............................................................................................................ 28 2.4.2

Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Perkembangan Kota......................................................................................... 30 2.5

Kota Baru................................................................................................................................................... 32 2.5.1

Pengertian Kota Baru .............................................................................................................................. 32 2.5.2

Keperwatakan Kota Baru ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.5.3

Tipologi Perkembangan Kota Baru........................................................................................................ 35 2.5.4

Karakteristik Kota Baru Perusahaan ................................................................................................. 43 vi 2.5.5

Besaran Kota Baru................................................................................................................................... 44 2.5.6

Pertumbuhan Kota Baru ......................................................................................................................... 44 2.5.7

Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Penataan Ruang Kota Baru ................................................................................. 46 2.6

Sintesa Pustaka ................................................................................................................................................. 51

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN........................................................................................................... 59 3.1

Pendekatan Penelitian................................................................................................................................ 59 3.2

Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................................................................................... 59 3.3

Faktor dan Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................................................. 60 3.4

Metode Penelitian..................................................................................................................................... 63 3.4.1

Metode Sampling ..................................................................................................................................... 63 3.4.2

Populasi dan Sampel ................................................................................................................................ 65 3.4.3

Metode Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................................................... 65 3.4.4

Metode Analisis............................................................................................................................................ 69 3.5

Tahapan Penelitian ........................................................................................................................................... 77

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.............................................................................................................. 81 4.1

Gambaran Umum Wilayah Penelitian...................................................................................................... 81 4.1.1

Letak Geografis Wilayah........................................................................................................................... 82 4.1.2

Penggunaan Lahan ................................................................................................................................... 85 4.1.3

Karakteristik Penduduk ........................................................................................................................... 89 4.1.4

Sarana dan Prasarana................................................................................................................................ 92 4.1.5

Perekonomian........................................................................................................................................... 119 4.1.6

Gambaran Ketersediaan Sarana dan Prasarana di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi............................................................................................................................................................ 119 4.2

Analisa dan Pembahasan ......................................................................................................................... 122 4.2.1

Analisis Kebutuhan Layanan Fasilitas Perkotaan ................................................................................. 122 4.2.2

Merumuskan Faktor dan Variabel Penentu Kota Baru.. ........................................................................ 127 4.2.3

Menentukan Prioritas Faktor dan Variabel Yang Berpengaruh Dalam Perwujudan Kawasan Industri

Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi Menjadi Kota Baru .................................................................... 145 4.2.4

Merumuskan Upaya Yang Perlu Dilakukan Untuk Mewujudkan Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang

Kabupaten Bekasi Sebagai Kota Baru.......................................................................................................... 152 vii

BAB V PENUTUP............................................................................................................................................ 179 5.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................................................................... 179 5.2

Rekomendasi ...................................................................................................................................................... 181

DAFTAR PUSTAKA.............................................................................................................................................. 183

LAMPIRAN A ....................................................................................................................................................... 187

LAMPIRAN B....................................................................................................................................................... 199

LAMPIRAN C........................................................................................................................................................ 219

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1

Perwatakan Umum Kota Baru.......................................... 37

Tabel 2.2 Jenis dan Kategorisasi Kota Baru..................................... 41

Tabel 2.3 Tabel Aspek, Faktor, dan Variabel Kota Baru ................. 53

Tabel 2.4

Aspek, Faktor Variabel dan Sub Variabel Kota Baru....... 55

Tabel 3.1

Aspek, Faktor, Variabel dan Sub Variabel Kota Baru 61

Tabel 3.2

Kepentingan Stakeholder Dalam Penelitian..................... 64

Tabel 3.3

Metode Pengumpulan Data .............................................. 67

Tabel 3.4

Skala Nilai Dan Definisi Pendapat................................... 75

Tabel 4.1

Wilayah administrasi Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi............................................................................. 82

Tabel 4.2

Penggunaan lahan berdasarkan luasan area di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi ................................ 85

Tabel 4.3

Jumlah Penduduk di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2017......................................................... 89

Tabel 4.4

Jumlah Penduduk Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2017 ............ 89

Tabel 4.5

Jumlah Penduduk Berdasarkan Mata Pencaharian Di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2017 .......................................................................................................... 90

Tabel 4.6

Jumlah Penduduk Berdasarkan Pendidikan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2017 ............ 91

Tabel 4.7

Jumlah Penduduk Berdasarkan Tingkat Penghasilan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Pada Tahun 2017 ................................. 92

Tabel 4.8

Presentase dan Tipologi Kelas Hunian di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ........................................................................................... 93 ix

Tabel 4.9

Distribusi Tipe Hunian Berdasarkan Kelas Hunian dan Tipologi Hunian di Kawasan Industri Jababeka............................... 94

Tabel 4.10

Jumlah Fasilitas Pendidikan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi Tahun 2017.......................... 97

Tabel 4.11

Jumlah fasilitas peribadatan di kawasan industri jababeka .......................................................................................................... 99

Tabel 4.12

Jumlah fasilitas pertokoan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ........................................................................................................ 100

Tabel 4.13

Jumlah fasilitas pemerintahan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 101

Tabel 4.14

Jumlah fasilitas RTH, Taman, dan Lapangan Olahraga di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ............................................................ 103

Tabel 4.15

Jumlah fasilitas kebudayaan dan rekreasi di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ............................................................................ 104

Tabel 4.16

Jenis dan Rute Perjalanan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ........................................................................................................ 110

Tabel 4.17

Kapasitas air bersih di Kawasan Industri Jababeka...... 112

Tabel 4.18

Gambaran Ketersediaan Sarana dan Prasarana Eksisting di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi............... 119

Tabel 4.19

Standar Kebutuhan Layanan Sarana Sosial.................. 122

Tabel 4.20

Standar Kebutuhan Pelayanan Listrik ......................... 126

Tabel 4.21

Standar Kebutuhan Pelayanan Air Bersih .................... 126

Tabel 4.22

Standar Kebutuhan Pelayanan Sampah ........................ 126

Tabel 4.23

Aspek, Faktor, Variabel dan Sub Variabel Kota Baru. 129

Tabel 4.24

Responden Penelitian ................................................... 131

Tabel 4.25

Rekapitulasi Hasil Wawancara Delphi Tahap I............ 133

Tabel 4.26

Rekapitulasi Hasil Wawancara Delphi Tahap II .......... 137

Tabel 4.27

Rekapitulasi Hasil Wawancara Delphi Tahap III......... 141

Tabel 4.28

Rekapitulasi Hasil Wawancara Delphi......................... 142

Tabel 4.29

Kesimpulan Faktor dan Variabel penentu Kota Baru... 143 x

Tabel 4.30

Hasil Pembobotan Faktor dan Variabel Tabel.............. 146

Tabel 4.31

Kesimpulan Bobot Variabel ......................................... 149

Tabel 4.32

Urutan Variabel Berdasarkan Bobot Variabel............. 151

Tabel 4.33

Proses Analisa Deskriptif Kualitatif............................. 153

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Perkembangan Kota Baru Dalam Sistem Perkotaan..... 49

Gambar 3.1 Pemetaan Stakeholder................................................... 64

Gambar 3.2 Tahapan Analisis Delphi............................................... 70

Gambar 3.3 Struktur dekomposisi dalam prinsip-prinsip dasar AHP .......................................................................................................... 72

Gambar 3.4 Struktur Hirarki dalam AHP......................................... 74

Gambar 3.5 Tahapan Penelitian........................................................ 79

Gambar 4.1 Beberapa Hunian dengan Tipologi Kelas Menengah Ke Bawah di Kawasan Industri Jababeka .............................................. 95

Gambar 4.2 Beberapa hunian dengan tipologi kelas menengah ke atas di Kawasan Industri Jababeka .......................................................... 96

Gambar 4.3 Beberapa hunian dengan tipologi kelas menengah di Kawasan Industri Jababeka .............................................................. 96

Gambar 4.4 Fasilitas pendidikan di kawasan industri jababeka ....... 97

Gambar 4.5 Beberapa fasilitas kesehatan di kawasan industri jababeka............................................................................................ 98

Gambar 4.6 Fasilitas peribadatan di kawasan industri jababeka ...... 99

Gambar 4.7 Penyediaan fasilitas perdagangan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 100

Gambar 4.8 Fasilitas pemerintahan di Kawasan Industri Jababeka 102

Gambar 4.9 Kantor pemadam kebakaran di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 102

Gambar 4.10 Fasilitas RTH, Taman, dan Lapangan Olahraga di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ............................................................ 103

Gambar 4.11 ROW dengan ukuran 15m di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 105 xii

Gambar 4.12 ROW dengan ukuran 20m di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 105

Gambar 4.13 ROW dengan ukuran 45m di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 105

Gambar 4.14 ROW dengan ukuran 65m di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 106

Gambar 4.15 Peta Jaringan Jalan Kawasan Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi........................................................................... 107

Gambar 4.16 Jaringan Transportasi Umum di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi............................................ 111

Gambar 4.17 Pengolahan Air Bersih yang dimiliki Oleh PT Jababeka Infrastruktur di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ................................... 113

Gambar 4.18 Pembangkit Listrik Untuk Area Industri di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang Kabupaten Bekasi .............................. 114

Gambar 4.19 Pembangkit Listrik Untuk Area Perumahan dan Komersial di Kawasan Industri Jababeka Cikarang ....................... 114

Gambar 4.20 Tempat Pengolahan Limbah di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ......................................................................................... 116

Gambar 4.21 Bak sampah kecil yang disediakan oleh PT.............. 118

Gambar 4.22 Penumpukan sampah di lokasi perdagangan dan jasa di Kawasan Industri Jababeka ............................................................ 118