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For the treatment of maternal cardiac arrest, an interdisciplinary team with expertise in both the maternal resuscitation procedure and the physiological changes that take place during pregnancy is necessary. When maternal collapse unfortunately happens, resuscitative hysterotomy, often called a perimortem cesarean section, is a procedure that is frequently carried out during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Immediate hysterotomy may be necessary if the woman does not react to first cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and manual uterine displacement, says Dr Virendar Sarwal, Director, Department Of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, IVY Hospital, Mohali. Maternal collapse occurs in one in every 36,000 pregnancies, he adds.

Of course, pregnant women can have other risk factors, according to the American Heart Association journal. This could be chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, a condition that usually begins after 20 weeks of pregnancy in a woman whose blood pressure had been normal but rises steeply. Often manifesting as new-onset hypertension and protein in the urine during the third trimester, preeclampsia can progress rapidly to serious complications, including death of both mother and foetus. According to the European Society of Cardiology, studies have shown that women with pre-eclampsia were four times more likely to have a heart attack and three times more likely to have a stroke within 10 years of delivery than those without pre-eclampsia.

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The heart has four valves that keep blood flowing in the correct direction. Scarring or defects of the heart or its valves can raise the risk of complications during pregnancy. Compromised valve function means you might have trouble tolerating the increased blood flow that happens during pregnancy.

Objective: To determine whether transvaginal sonographic measurement of gestational sac diameter in pregnancies 28-42 days from the last menstrual period can predict whether a pregnancy results in a normal term birth or a spontaneous miscarriage.

Two days after the shocking death of actress Renjusha Menon, Malayalam television actress Dr. Priya died on Wednesday after a cardiac arrest. The 35-year-old actor was eight months pregnant when she died at a private hospital. Notably, the actress had undergone a regular pregnancy check-up at the hospital recently before she suffered a heart attack. Her newborn baby is currently in the intensive care unit.

Malayalam actor Dr Priya died on Wednesday after a cardiac arrest at a private hospital. According to NDTV, she was eight months pregnant. Her baby is in the intensive care unit currently. Priya underwent a regular pregnancy check-up recently. (Also Read | General Hospital, Days of Our Lives actor Tyler Christopher dies at 50)

Median measurements of the parameters under investigation in the two groups, pregnancy loss and continuing pregnancy, plotted against the gestational age: (A). Gestational sac (GS); (B). Yolk sac (YS); (C). Crown-rump length (CRL); (D). Heart Rate (HR).

Many studies have found a thin endometrium to be associated with a lower implantation rate, but no absolute cutoff for endometrial thickness exists; good pregnancy rates have been reported in cycles with endometrium

Ultrasound measurement of endometrial pattern has been suggested to predict pregnancy outcome, but consensus has not been reached regarding the importance of either variable. Some studies[10,25-27] believed that a trilaminar pattern of the endometrium was correlated with higher implantation and pregnancy rates, while other studies did not find a significant relationship between endometrial pattern and pregnancy rate[11,18,28,29].

Despite a lower pregnancy rate and implantation rate when a homogeneous, hyperechoic pattern is noted, we disagree with some investigators who recommend embryo cryopreservation and subsequent ET in a frozen cycle. We agree with Friedler[31] that endometrial pattern offers important predictive information but should not be used as an absolute predictor of conception. Therefore, we believe that such patients should be adequately counseled and given the most adaptive advice.

In addition, it is necessary to note that the correlation between endometrial thickness and pattern and pregnancy outcome shown in our study does not imply a causal relationship. The relationship may merely result from some other factors that are directly responsible for endometrial receptivity (such as blood flow or some other underlying physiological machinery responsible for cyclic endometrial development). Therefore, although some treatments may significantly improve endometrial thickness, such therapies may not necessarily have any clinical benefit in terms of pregnancy rate.

Pregnancies affected by the complications of impaired placentation such as pregnancy induced hypertension, intra uterine fetal growth restriction and preterm birth have been shown to demonstrate increased impedance in the spiral artery [4]. The spiral artery, the major continuation of the uterine artery undergoes trophoblastic invasion during pregnancy. This physiological process is characterized by loss of the musculoelastic properties and its conversion to the uteroplacental arteries, which allows an increased blood flow to the placenta and the fetus. This process commences in the first and ends in early second trimester [7]. Second trimester Doppler is usually performed between 20th and 24th weeks of pregnancy, when it is expected that the physiologic process would have been completed.

In semi recumbent position, the ultrasound transducer was placed in either the left or right iliac fossae of the abdomen, directed towards the lateral uterine walls and downwards into the pelvis, to obtain the sagittal section of the uterus and cervical canal. This is followed by the introduction of the colour flow imaging to produce a colour map of flow over the region. The probe is tilted sideways but still maintaining its medial angulation (lower paracervical area), till the uterine artery is visualized as it crosses the external iliac artery, having originated from the internal iliac artery. The sample volume was placed 1cm distal to the point of apparent cross over before any branching of the uterine arteries and the angle of insonation maintained below 500. These characters were used as the standard landmark for investigation of the uterine artery (Figure 1). Pulsed Doppler gate was placed at this location to obtain flow waveforms and when at least 3 consecutive consistent waveforms are produced, the image is frozen. The Doppler indices generated automatically from the machine were, the Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistance Index (RI) and S/D Ratio. Antenatal clinics were routinely conducted till delivery and the women followed up in the postnatal clinic. Outcome was classified into normal or abnormal. In the study, pregnancy is considered to have abnormal outcome, if it is complicated by any of the complications associated with impaired placentation. These include Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH), Intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR) or Preterm birth. PIH was diagnosed by a rise in systolic pressure of at least 30 mm of Hg or a rise in diastolic pressure of at least 15 mm of Hg over the previously known blood pressure; an absolute rise in the blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm of Hg; diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg measured on at least two occasions after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman (International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Intrauterine growth restriction is defined by fetal weight below the 10th percentile of the average weight for gestational age [11]. Preterm birth refers to the delivery of the baby before 37th week of pregnancy [3]. In the absence of any of these conditions, the pregnancy is classified as one with normal outcome.

The Doppler indices in the women that had normal pregnancy outcome are shown in Table 1. The mean PI in the right and left uterine artery are 1.09 and 0.81, with a range of 0.53 - 1.58 and 0.58 - 1.83 respectively. The RI has a mean of 0.59 and 0.65, while the range was 0.37-1.16 and 0.41 - 0.82 in both the right and left uterine artery respectively. The mean, S/D ratio was 2.56 and 2.57 respectively and range 1.53 - 3.90 and 1.92 - 3.04 respectively in the right and left uterine artery. The difference between the right and left uterine PI was statistically significant (t-32.8, p < 05).

The influence of maternal age and parity on obstetric measurements has been emphasized by the result of the study. Increasing maternal age has an independent association with specific adverse outcomes in pregnancy [13]. The implication of our observation is that interpretation of Doppler indices has to consider these variables namely, maternal age and parity in order to achieve the best results and uniformity of outcomes form different studies.

Notebook is a 2006 Indian coming-of-age drama film directed by Rosshan Andrrews and written by Bobby-Sanjay. It is about three students at a boarding school and how they face up to challenges in their lives. The film stars Maria Roy, Roma Asrani, and Parvathy Thiruvothu, while Skanda Ashok and Suresh Gopi play supporting roles.[2] The film dealt with the subject of teenage pregnancy.

Even if your test result is non-reactive today, testing and retesting of both the mother and the father may be indicated based on risk factors for HIV. It is important to know your HIV status because HIV can be passed to your baby during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding.

Two days after the untimely death of actress Renjusha Menon, popular Malayalam television actress Dr. Priya died on Wednesday after suffering a heart attack. According to the reports, the 35-year-old actress was eight months pregnant when she breathed her last at a private hospital. The actress had undergone a regular pregnancy check-up at the hospital recently before she suffered a heart attack. The doctors have kept the newborn baby in the ICU and is currently under doctor vigilance. e24fc04721