Frequently Asked Questions On Prawn Farming

Frequently Asked Questions On Prawn Farming

20 Frequently Asked Questions on Prawn Farming

Prawn farming is a lucrative aquaculture practice, producing high-value seafood for both domestic and international markets. Below are answers to common questions beginners often ask about prawn farming.

1. What is prawn farming?

Prawn farming is the cultivation of prawns in controlled environments like ponds, tanks, or raceways for commercial purposes. It primarily involves freshwater or marine prawns.

2. What are the popular species of prawns for farming?

• Freshwater Species: Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii).

• Marine Species: Black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

3. What type of water is needed for prawn farming?

• Freshwater Prawns: Require clean, fresh water with a temperature range of 28-31°C.

• Marine Prawns: Thrive in brackish or seawater with a salinity of 10-25 ppt.

4. What is the ideal location for a prawn farm?

• Proximity to a reliable water source.

• Soil with good water retention properties, such as clay or sandy clay.

• Accessible to markets and feed suppliers.

5. What is the required pond size for prawn farming?

• The typical size of a prawn pond ranges from 0.1 to 1 hectare.

• Depth should be 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

6. How are prawns stocked in ponds?

• Stock post-larvae (PL) at a density of 5-10 PL/m² for freshwater prawns or 10-20 PL/m² for marine species.

• Acclimate post-larvae to pond conditions gradually to avoid stress.

7. What do prawns eat?

Prawns are omnivorous and feed on:

• Natural Feed: Algae, plankton, and detritus.

• Commercial Feed: High-protein pellets containing fish meal, soybean, and other nutrients.

• Supplementary Feed: Rice bran, wheat, and oil cakes.

8. How often should prawns be fed?

• Feed 2-4 times daily depending on their growth stage.

• Adjust feeding quantities based on pond observations and leftover feed.

9. What water quality parameters should be monitored?

• Temperature: 28-31°C for optimal growth.

• pH: Maintain between 7.5 and 8.5.

• Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Above 4 mg/L.

• Ammonia Levels: Keep below 0.1 mg/L to prevent stress.

10. How long does it take to grow prawns to market size?

• Freshwater Prawns: Reach market size in 5-6 months.

• Marine Prawns: Grow to market size in 3-4 months.

11. What are common diseases in prawn farming?

• White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV): A viral infection causing high mortality.

• Vibriosis: Bacterial infection leading to shell and tissue damage.

• Fungal Infections: Often caused by poor water quality or stress.

12. How can I prevent diseases in prawns?

• Maintain clean ponds with regular water exchange.

• Use biosecurity measures, such as disinfecting equipment and controlling access to ponds.

• Source disease-free post-larvae from certified hatcheries.

• Avoid overfeeding and manage water quality effectively.

13. What is biofloc technology in prawn farming?

Biofloc technology involves maintaining a high concentration of beneficial microorganisms in water to improve water quality and provide a natural feed source for prawns. It is eco-friendly and reduces feed costs.

14. How can I manage predators in prawn ponds?

• Install nets or fencing around ponds to prevent entry of birds and animals.

• Regularly inspect ponds for invasive fish or other aquatic predators.

15. What is the average yield from prawn farming?

• Freshwater Prawns: Yields 500-1,000 kg per hectare per cycle.

• Marine Prawns: Yields 2,000-5,000 kg per hectare per cycle.

16. Is prawn farming profitable?

Yes, prawn farming is highly profitable due to:

• High market demand for prawns.

• Premium prices in both domestic and export markets.

• Opportunities to reduce production costs through technologies like biofloc.

17. What are the initial costs involved in prawn farming?

• Pond Construction: $1,000–$5,000 per hectare, depending on location.

• Seed Cost: $200–$500 per hectare for post-larvae.

• Feed Cost: $1,500–$2,000 per hectare per cycle.

• Water Management: Includes aeration and water quality monitoring equipment.

18. What are the environmental concerns associated with prawn farming?

• Water Pollution: Caused by excessive feed or untreated wastewater discharge.

• Mangrove Depletion: Avoid farming in areas requiring mangrove deforestation.

• Solutions: Implement sustainable practices like wastewater treatment and eco-friendly feeds.

19. Do I need any licenses or permits for prawn farming?

Yes, depending on your country or region, you may need:

• Aquaculture permits.

• Water use and discharge permits.

• Environmental clearances.

Check with local authorities for specific requirements.

20. How can I sell my prawns?

• Local Markets: Sell directly to local consumers or restaurants.

• Export: Partner with exporters for international markets.

• Wholesale Buyers: Supply to large seafood distributors.

Prawn farming is a rewarding business that requires careful planning, proper management, and a commitment to maintaining healthy stock and sustainable practices.