The person responsible for the study: Vilayanur S. Ramachandran 

Background information: This study was conducted to gain insights into phantom limb syndrome. This neurological disorder occurs when amputees continue to feel pain in their missing limb as if it were still present. 

Methodology: Ramachandran created the "mirror box," which tricked the participants into thinking they were moving their phantom limb when moving their intact limb. The visual feedback produced from this helped alleviate the phantom sensation of pain that their participants were experiencing and even cured severe pain in some cases. 

Results: The "mirror box" performed wonders, with many patients reporting significantly reduced phantom limb pain. 

Significance of results/legacy/recent relevance:  This experiment showed that the brain could be retrained to adapt to the loss of the brain. Following the same vein of logic, the study also showed that the brain's idea of the body is changeable - areas of the brain can be invaded and manipulated. 

How to improve the experiment: This experiment could be improved by adapting the experiment to modern technologies, such as VR and AR, to enhance visual feedback further.