Mitigation Strategies

1. Hybrid Cryptographic Models

Combine RSA/ECC with PQC (used in TLS 1.3)

2. NIST Standardization

Rigorous peer review process to finalize secure PQC algorithms

3. Hardware & Side-Channel Defenses

• Constant-time code

• Shielded chips and masking techniques

4. Testing & Simulation

• Pilot deployments

• Penetration testing

• Modeling against real-world threats

5. Public Awareness & Training

• Developer education

• Cybersecurity workshops

• Open-source libraries for testing