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Belgian power-sharing model:

The power-sharing arrangements made by the Belgian leaders were different and more innovative than any other country. To recognize the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities, they amended their Constitution four times between 1970 and 1993.

The major elements of the Belgian Model are:

Prudential reasons:

Prudential reasons stress that power-sharing would bring out better outcomes by helping to reduce the possibility of any conflict between the social groups and power-sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order through unity of the nation.

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Moral reasons:

Moral reasons uphold power-sharing as the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise. People have the right to be consulted and have equal participation in the government.

Power-sharing in contemporary democracies:

In contemporary democracies, power-sharing takes the form of competition among different parties. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand and is shared among different political parties representing different social groups and ideologies. This type of sharing often leads to the formation of an alliance between two or more parties, which, goes to form a Coalition Government.

In Class 9, you have studied that in a democracy, all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among the legislature, executive and judiciary is very important for the design of democracy. In this chapter, the idea of power-sharing is explained in detail, drawing parallels between the stories of Belgium and Sri Lanka. Also, you will learn the different forms of power sharing.

Let us call the first set of reasons Prudential and the second moral. The prudential reasons stress that power-sharing will bring out better outcomes, whereas the moral reasons emphasise the act of power-sharing as valuable.

Most of you must think that sharing power = dividing power = weakening the country. A similar thing was believed in the past. It was assumed that all the power of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located in one place. Otherwise, it would be very difficult to make quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-government. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, in a democratic country, political power should be distributed among citizens.

Looking for class 10 notes on power-sharing? Look no further! This guide covers all the important concepts and definitions you need to know. Power sharing is an important concept in political science, and it's a topic that's often covered in class 10.

Power sharing means the distribution of power among the organs of the government such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Power sharing helps in achieving the stability of political order. In power-sharing, power might even be shared at distinct levels such as union, state and local.

Ans: Power sharing is good since it helps in the reduction of the possibilities of conflicts between the social groups. In the broader view, power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. Thus, power sharing is good.

In a democracy, there is no single branch of government that has absolute power. The structure of democracy must include a wise distribution of power between the legislative, executive and judicial branches. We expand on this notion of power-sharing in this chapter. Two tales from Sri Lanka and Belgium are presented first. These two tales discuss how democracies respond to demands for power sharing. The tales lead to some overarching conclusions regarding the necessity of democratic power-sharing.

Power sharing is beneficial as it reduces the chances of various conflicts and wars between different communities. Democratic rule is solely followed in the power-sharing government allowing the people to take decisions. Hence power sharing is the most desirable form of government.

It refers to sharing of power at different levels of the government such as central and state governments. Power is particularly divided between the higher and lower level of government in the vertical distribution of power.

The basic principle of democracy is the rule of the people. Everyone has voice in the shaping of public policies. Thus in modern democracies power sharing arrangement can take many forms:

(i) Power is shared among different organs of the government such as legislature, executive & judiciary. There is a horizontal distribution of powers are placed at the same level to eercise different powers. Each organ checks the other.

(ii) Power can be shared among government at different levels: The general government of entire country is usually referred as the central or union which is followed by state government and at the local level we have municipalities & Panchayats. This system helps in reducing corruption & increases administrative efficiency.

(iii) Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious & linguistic groups. Belgium is good example of this arrangement. This helps in giving the space to various social groups who would otherwise feel alienated from the government.

(iv) Power sharing arrangement can also be seen within various political parties, pressure groups & movements: In a democracy, citizen must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand. Sometimes this kind of sharing can be direct when two or more political parties together form a coalition government and shares the power. India has many interaction groups such as those of traders, farmers and industrial workers etc who also have a share in governmental power.

Two sets of reasons can be given in favour of power sharing:-

a. Prudential Reason:- It helps to reduce the possiblity of conflict between social groups. It gives space to each and every social group in the democracy.

b. Moral Reasons :-Power sharing is the spirit of democracy. A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation acquire a stake in the system.

Horizontal Power sharing

1. The power is shared among different organs of government such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.

2. Organs of the government are placed at the same level to exercise different powers.

3. Each organ checks the other.

Vertical Power sharing

1. Power is shared among the different levels of the governments like the Central and State.

2. The vertical division of power involves the highest and the lower levels of government.

3. The lower organs work under the higher organs of the Government.

Between 1970 and 1993, Belgian government amended their constitution four times, so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country.

Q.23 State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.

Answer

Power sharing is the basic spirit of democracy. A democracy rule involves sharing of power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effects. People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

Q.40 How did the Sri Lankan and the Belgium Government try to solve the ethnic problem?

Answer

Democracy is based on the basic principle of the Rule of the People. Everyone is given an opportunity in shaping the public policies, through his or her representative. Thus, in modern democracies, power sharing arrangement can take many forms:

(iv) Power sharing arrangement can also be seen within various political parties, pressure groups & movements: India has many interaction groups such as those of traders, farmers and industrial workers, etc. who also have a share in governmental power.

Sometimes, this kind of sharing can be direct when two or more political parties together form a coalition government and share the power.

In a democracy, citizens must have freedom to choose among various contenders for power. Such competition ensures that power does not remain in one hand.

Candidates can refer to the Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 1 Notes to understand the concept of power-sharing. The CBSE revision notes are generated according to the NCERT books and CBSE syllabus so that important topics can be included properly as per the official guidelines issued.

A prudent power sharing between the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary is vital to the design of a democracy. Power sharing allows all communities and social groups a say in the governance. The citizens have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. A legitimate government is one which lets its citizens participate and acquire a stake in the system.

Power sharing class 10 notes, Class 10 civics chapter 1 notes. here we will be learn about Story of Belgium , Story of Sri Lanka , Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka , Why power sharing is desirable? , Forms of power-sharing etc.

? In Belgium, the leaders have realised that the unity of the country is possible only by respecting the feelings and interests of different communities and regions. Such a realisation resulted in mutually acceptable arrangement for sharing the power.

When the power does not rest with any one organ of the state rather it is shared among legislature, executive and judiciary it is called power sharing. The two stories from Belgium and Sri Lanka tell us about how democracies handle demands for power sharing. ff782bc1db