1. Persecuted Minorities and Defensive Cooperation: Contributions to Public Goods by Hindus and Muslims in Delhi, Comparative Political Studies, 2023: Data and Code

This file contains data on parties forming the ruling alliance, chief ministers, and vote & seat share of each party in state assembly elections for all major Indian states from 1951 to 2015. I use data from the Election Commission of India, newspaper reports and secondary sources. Please feel free to contact me if you discover any errors.

• • Summary of State Assembly Elections, India

Suggested citation: Chakrabarti, Poulomi. 2019. “One Nation, Many Worlds: Varieties of Developmental Regimes in India.” PhD Dissertation, Providence RI: Brown University.

The files below are scanned/pdf copies of state budgets (State Finance Reports from the Department of Economic and Policy Research) for the last 70 years collected from Reserve Bank of India (RBI) archives in Mumbai. Reports from 2002 onwards are also available on the RBI website.

1950s:  1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959

1960s:  1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969

1970s:  1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 

1980s:  1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 

1990s:  1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 

2000s:  2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 

2010s:  2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 

South Asian last names can sometimes indicate the religious and caste identity of individuals. I put together a dataset of common last names and their respective caste/religious affiliation. In the absence of any official enumeration of caste, this “caste code” can be useful in estimating aggregate patterns on ethnicity, especially as data-scraping and big data techniques allow us to access population-level datasets. The dataset currently covers about 96% of the voters in Delhi (based on the 2013 electoral rolls) and I have tested it to select cases of majority Hindu and Muslim neighborhoods for a recent project. I am happy to share the dataset for academic research.

Research for my book project led me to collect hundreds of books and articles on subnational politics in India. I could use only a fraction of these, but the materials may be useful for scholars of Indian politics, particularly for those working on my cases – Bihar, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu. I am sharing two main sources of secondary research:

1. Annotated bibliographies on the political economy of development of the following states. This includes journal articles and books, as well as unpublished theses, working papers, policy reports, and relevant op-eds.

1. 1. • Bihar  

      • Gujarat 

      • Himachal Pradesh 

      • Kerala 

      • Punjab 

      • Tamil Nadu 

2. Excerpts of books on comparative subnational politics and my cases. The pdfs include the table of contents, the introduction chapter, and index pages. I have taken care to observe copyright regulations in sharing the contents online, but please contact me if I might be in violation of any laws.

Comparative Subnational Politics

• • 1.  Narain, Iqbal, ed. State Politics in India. New Delhi: Meenakshi Prakashan, 1976.

    2.  Weiner, Myron. State Politics in India. Princeton University Press, 1968.

    3.  Wood, John R. State Politics in Contemporary India: Crisis or Continuity? Westview Press, 1984.

    4.  Frankel, Francine R, and M. S. A Rao. Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order: Volume 1. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

    5.  Frankel, Francine R, and M. S. A Rao. Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order: Volume 2. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

    6. Kohli, Atul. The State and Poverty in India. Cambridge University Press, 1987.

    7.  Kohli, Atul. Democracy and Discontent: India’s Growing Crisis of Governability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

    8. Jenkins, Rob. Regional Reflections: Comparing Politics across India’s States. Oxford University Press, 2004.

    9. Jaffrelot, Christophe, and Sanjay Kumar, eds. Rise of the Plebeians?: The Changing Face of the Indian Legislative Assemblies. New Delhi; Abingdon; New York: Routledge, 2009.

    10. Kohli, Atul. Poverty amid Plenty in the New India. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

    11. Singh, Prerna. How Solidarity Works for Welfare: Subnationalism and Social Development in India. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2016.

    12. Murali, Kanta. Caste, Class and Capital. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

    13. Kumar, Ashutosh. Rethinking State Politics in India: Regions within Regions. New Delhi: Routledge, 2011.

    14. Grover, Verinder, and Ranjana Arora. Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &​ Kashmir and Punjab. 2nd ed. Vol. 4. 10 vols. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1996.

    15. Grover, Verinder, and Ranjana Arora. Encyclopaedia of India and Her States: Indian Federalism and Centre-State Relations. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. 10 vols. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1996.

Bihar

• • 1. Jain, Sumitra Kumar. Caste and Politics in Bihar. New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 1989. 

    2. Shukla, Kiran. Caste Politics in India: A Case Study. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 1987. 

    3. Thakur, D. Politics of Land Reforms in India. 1st edition. Commonwealth Publishers, 1989. 

    4. Mitra, Roma. Caste Polarization and Politics. Patna: Syndicate Publication (India), 1992. 

    5. Das, Arvind N. Agrarian Movements in India: Studies on 20th Century Bihar. London, Eng.: Frank Cass, 1982. 

    6. Das, Arvind N. The State of Bihar: An Economic History without Footnotes. Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1992. 

    7. Jha, Vikas Kumar. Bihar: Criminalisation of Politics. New Delhi: Srishtri Prakashan, 1996. 

    8. Gupta, Rakesh. Bihar Peasantry and the Kisan Sabha 1936-47. New Delhi: People’s Publishing House, 1982. 

    9. Mishra, Upendra. Caste and Politics in India: A Study of Political Turmoil in Bihar, 1967-1977. New Delhi: Uppal Pub. House, 1986.

    10. Barik, Radhakanta. Land and Caste Politics in Bihar. Delhi: Shipra Publications, 2006. 

    11. Das, Arvind N. The Republic of Bihar. New Delhi; New York, NY, USA: Penguin Books, 1992. 

    12. Singh, Mahendra. Cohesion in a Predominant Party: The Pradesh Congress and Party Politics in Bihar. Delhi: S Chand and Company, 1975.

    13. Shah, Vimal P, and Binod C Agrawal. Reservation: Policy, Programmes and Issues. South Asia Books, 1986. 

    14. Shah, Ghanshyam. Protest Movements in Two Indian States: A Study of the Gujarat and Bihar Movements. Delhi, India: Ajanta Publications, 1977. 

    15. Sharma, Jyotsana. Backward Caste Politics; A Study in Socio-Political Mobility. New Delhi: Satyam Pub. House, 2006. 

    16. Ghosh, Papiya. Community and Nation: Essays on Identity and Politics in Eastern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007.

    17. Sharan, Shree Shankar. Making Sense of Bihar: An Autobiograhy of a Civil Servant in Bihar. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, n.d. 

    18. Sachchidananda, B. B. Mandal. Crisis of Governance: The Case of Bihar. Serials Publications, 2009. 

    19. Benjamin, Joseph. Scheduled Castes in Indian Politics and Society. New Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1989. 

    20. Das, Arvind N. Does Bihar Show the Way? Apathy, Agitation and Alternatives to the Unchanging State. Calcutta: Research Indian Publications, 1979. 

    21. Tiwari, Lalan. Democracy and Dissent: A Case Study of the Bihar Movement, 1974-75. Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1987.

    22. Prasad, Pradhan H, and Datta. The Tragedy of Bihar. New Delhi: Manak Publications, 1996. 

    23. Sharma, Gyan Prakash. Congress and the Peasant Movement in Bihar. Bombay; Delhi: Somaiya Publications Pvt., 1987. 

    24. Sinha, Shushil Kumar. Other Half of Society: Backward Caste and Politics of Bihar. Delhi: Raj Publications, 2007. 

    25. Kumar, Subodh. The Social, Political Processes and The Economic Development Of Bihar. Manak Publications, 2009. 

    26. Robb, Peter G. The Evolution of British Policy Towards Indian Politics 1880-1920: Essays on Colonial Attitudes, Imperial Strategies and Bihar. Manohar Publishers and Distributors, 1992. 

    27. Verma, Ravindra Kumar. Dimensions of State Politics: A Study of Bihar. JR Institute of Parliamentary Studies and Political Research, 2001. 

    28. Jannuzi, F. Tomasson. Agrarian Crisis in India: The Case of Bihar. University of Texas Press, 2011. 

    29. Kumar Ashwani. Community Warriors: State, Peasants and Caste Armies in Bihar. London; New York: Anthem Press, 2008. 

    30. Sinha, Harishankar Prasad. The Government of Bihar: A Study of the Secretariat. New Delhi: S Chand and Company, 1980. 

    31. Chaudhuri, Amiya K. Contemporary Politics and Changing Economy of Bihar. Calcutta: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, 2010. 

    32. Damodaran, Vinita. Broken Promises: Popular Protest, Indian Nationalism, and the Congress Party in Bihar, 1935-1946. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 

    33. Sinha, Aran. Nitish Kumar and the Rise of Bihar. Penguin India, 2011. 

    34. Prasad, Chandra Bhushan. Changing Scenes: Memoirs of a Civil Servant. South Asia Books, 1992. 

    35. Srivastava, Lakshman Prasad. Public Personnel System in India. Anmol Publications, 1987. 

    36. Prasad, Kedarnath. The Economics of a Backward Region in a Backward Economy: A Case Study of Bihar in Relation to Other States of India. Scientific Book Agency, 1967. 

    37. Yang, Anand A. The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

Tamil Nadu

• • 1. Deliège, Robert. The World of the ‘Untouchables’: Paraiyars of Tamil Nadu. Delhi ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 

    2. Lakshman, Narayan. Patrons of the Poor: Caste Politics and Policymaking in India. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press, 2011. 

    3. Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar. Caste: Its Twentieth Century Avatar. New Delhi; New York, N.Y.: Viking ; Penguin Books, 1996. 

    4. Hardgrave, Robert L. The Dravidian Movement. Popular Prakashan, 1965. 

    5. Civattampi, Karttikecu. Understanding the Dravidian Movement: Problems and Perspectives. Madras: New Century Book House, 1995. 

    6. Arnold, David. The Congress in Tamilnad: Nationalist Politics in South India, 1919-1937. New Delhi: Manohar, 1977. 

    7. Rejendran, N. The National Movement In Tamil Nadu, 1905-1914: Agitational Politics and State Coercion. OUP India, 1994. 

    8. Arooran, K. Nambi. Tamil Renaissance and Dravidian Nationalism: 1905-1944. Mudurai: Koodal, 1980. 

    9. Saraswathi, S. Minorities in Madras State: Group Interests in Modern Politics. New Delhi: Impex India, 1974.

    10. Rajagopal, Indhu. The Tyranny of Caste: The Non-Brahman Movement and Political Development in South India. New Delhi: Vikas, 1985. 

    11. Ramanujam, K.S. Challenge and Response: An Intimate Report of Tamil Nadu Politics. Sundara Prachuralyam, 1974. 

    12. Kita, Va, and Es. Vi Rajaturai. Towards a Non-Brahmin Millennium: From Iyothee Thass to Periyar. Calcutta; in Association with Book Review Literary Trust; Mumbai: Samya ; Distributed by Bhatkal Book International, 1998. 

    13. Thandavan, R. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam: Political Dynamics in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science Series. Tamil Nadu Academy of Political Science, 1987. 

    14. Pandian, M. S. S. Brahmin and Non-Brahmin: Genealogies of the Tamil Political Present. Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007.

    15. Saraswathi, S. Government, Politics, and People: Linkage Politics of Tamil Nadu. Delhi: Manak Publications, 1995. 

    16. Harriss, John. Capitalism and Peasant Farming : Agrarian Structure and Ideology in Northern Tamil Nadu. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1982. 

    17. Palanithurai, G. Caste, Politics, and Society in Tamil Nadu. Delhi: Kanishka Publishers Distributors, 1994. 

    18. Sattanathan, A. N. The Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu and Its Legacy. Chennai: University of Madras, 1983. 

    19. Kandaswamy, P. The Political Career of K. Kamaraj: A Study in the Politics of Tamilnadu, 1920-1975. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2001. 

    20. Fuller, C. J. Caste Today. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

    21. Gorringe, Hugo. Untouchable Citizens: Dalit Movements and Democratisation in Tamil Nadu. New Delhi; Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 2005. 

    22. Jayakanthan, D. A Literary Man’s Political Experience: Tamil Nadu since 1946. Vikas Publishing House PVT LTD, 1974. 

    23. Barnett, Marguerite Ross. The Politics of Cultural Nationalism in South India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976. 

    24. Bouton, Marshall M. Agrarian Radicalism in South India. 1 edition. Princeton University Press, 1985. 

    25. Wyatt, Andrew. Party System Change in South India: Political Entrepreneurs, Patterns, and Processes. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2010. 

    26. Surianarayanan, P. State Administration in Tamil Nadu. New Delhi: Vikas Pub. House : Distributors, UBS Publishers’ Distributors, 1999. 

    27. Krishnaswamy, S. The Role of Madras Legislature in the Freedom Struggle, 1861-1947. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research, 1989. 

    28. Baker, Christopher John, and D A Washbrook. South India: Political Institutions and Political Change 1880–1940. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1975. 

    29. Baker, Christopher John. The Politics of South India, 1920-1937. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1976. 

    30. Washbrook, D A. The Emergence Of Provincial Politics The Madras Presdence 1870-1920. Cambride South Asian Studies 18. Cambridge University Press, 2007. 

    31. Suntharalingam, R. Politics and Nationalist Awakening in South India, 1852-1891. University of Arizona Press, 1974. (192)

    32. Widlund, Ingrid. Paths to Power and Patterns of Influence: The Dravidian Parties in South Indian Politics. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala Universitet, 2000. 

Gujarat

• • 1. Hirway, Indira, S. P Kashyap, and Amita Shah. Dynamics of Development in Gujarat. New Delhi; Ahmedabad: Concept Pub. Co. ; Centre for Development Alternatives, 2002. 

    2. Rutten, Mario, and Carol Upadhya. Small Business Entrepreneurs in Asia and Europe: Towards a Comparative Perspective. SAGE Publications, 1997. 

    3. Sanghavi, Nagindas. Gujarat A Political Analysis. Centre for Social Studies, 1996.

    4. Pathak, Devavrat N., Mathuradas Govindji Parekh, and Kirtidev Dahyabhai Desai. Three General Elections in Gujarat: Development of a Decade, 1952-1962. Ahmedabad: Gujarat University, 1966. 

    5. Shinoda, Takashi. The Other Gujarat. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 2002. 

    6. Sheth, Pravin N. Patterns of Political Behaviour in Gujarat. 1st edition. Ahmedabad: Sahitya Mudranalaya, 1976. 

    7. Sheth, Pravin Natvarlal. Political Development in Gujarat. Ahmedabad: Karnavati Publications, 1998. 

    8. Lakdawala, D.T. Gujarat Economy: Problems and Prospects; 1st ed. Ahmedabad: Sardar Patel Institute of Economic and Social Research, 1983. 

    9. Shah, Ghanshyam, Mario Rutten, and Helen Steefkerk, eds. Development and Deprivation in Gujarat. SAGE Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2002. 

    10. Shah, Ghanshyam. Caste Association and Political Process in Gujarat: A Study of Gujarat Kshatriya Sabha. Bombay: Centre for Regional Development Studies, 1977. 

    11. Kamath, M.V. Narendra Modi: The Architect of a Modern State. Rupa & Co, 2009.

    12. Sinha, Aseema. The Regional Roots of Developmental Politics in India: A Divided Leviathan. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2005. 

    13. Mehta, Uday, and Ram Puniyani. Sectarianism, Politics, and Development. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2012. 

Punjab

• • 1. Bawa, R. S., and P. S. Raikhy, eds. Punjab Economy: Emerging Issues. Amristar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 2000. 

    2.  Singh, Bhupinder. Punjab Politics: Retrospect & Prospect. 1 edition. Readworthy Publications Pvt Ltd, 2011. 

    3. Singh, Pritam. Emerging Pattern in Punjab Economy. Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division, 1984. 

    4. Singh, Balbir. Punjab Economy: Challenges and Strategies. Mohit Publications, 2006. 

    5. Bajwa, Harcharan Singh. Fifty Years of Punjab Politics (1920-1970). Chandigarh: Modern Publishers, 1979. 

    6. Singh, Pritam. Political Economy of the Punjab: An Insider’s Account. New Delhi: MD Publications, 1997.

    7. Puri, Nina. Political Elite and Society in the Punjab. New Delhi: Vikas, 1985. 

    8. Kaur, Kuldeep. Akali Dal in Punjab Politics: Splits and Mergers. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1999. 

    9. Sidhu, Lakwinder Singh. Punjab Politics And Congress 1947-1966. Delhi: Harnam Publications, 1994. 

    10. Johar, R. S., and J. S. Khanna, eds. Studies in Punjab Economy. Amristar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1983. 

    11. Dua, Veena. The Arya Samaj in Punjab Politics. New Delhi: Picus Books, 1999. 

    12. Sidhu, Lakhwinder Singh, Gurpreet Singh Brar, and Sumandeep Kaur Punia. Politics in Punjab, 1966-2008. Chandigarh: Unistar, 2009. 

    13. Saini, B. S. The Social and Economic History of the Punjab: 1901-1939 (Including Haryana and Himachal Pradesh). Delhi: Ess Ess Publications, 1975. 

    14. Khan, Jamshid Ali. Politics of Coalition Governments in Punjab. Patiala: Madaan Publishers, 2006.

    15. Rai, E. N. Mangat. Civil Administration in the Punjab: An Analysis of a State Government in India. United State of America: Centre for International Affairs Harvard University, 1963. 

    16. Arora, S. C. Turmoil in Punjab Politics. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications, 1990. 

    17. Javed, Ajeet. Left Politics in Punjab: 1935-1947. Delhi: Durga Publications, 1988. 

    18. Sidhu, Lakhwinder Singh. Party Politics in Punjab. New Delhi: Harnam Publications, 1994. 

    19. Brass, Paul. Language, Religion and Politics in North India. London ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1974. 

    20. Singh, Aradhana. The Akali Dal in Punjab Politics: A Saga of Schisms and Unions. Jaipur: Gauttam Book Company, 2008. 

    21. Singh, Dalip. Dynamics of Punjab Politics. Macmillan, 1981. 

    22. Wallace, Paul, and Surendra Chopra, eds. Political Dynamics of Punjab. Amristar: Guru Nanak Dev University, 1981. 

    23. Nayar, Baldev Raj. Minority Politics in the Punjab. Princeton, N.J: Princeton Univ. Press, 1966. 

    24. Singh, Amrik, ed. Punjab in Indian Politics: Issues and Trends. New Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1985. 

Kerala 

• • 1. Kumar, G. Gopa. Regional Political Parties and State Politics. South Asia Books, 1986. 

    2. Thomas, E. J. Coalition Game Politics in Kerala. New Delhi: Intellectual Pub. House, 1985.

    3. Mammen, P. M. Communalism vs Communism: A Study of the Socio-Religious Communities and Political Parties in Kerala, 1892-1970. Calcutta: Minerva, 1981. 

    4. Kurup, G. Radhakrishna. Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala since 1982. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2004.

    5. Singh, Jitendra. Communist Rule in Kerala. New Delhi: Diwan Chand Indian Information Centre, 1959. 

    6. Tharamangalam, Joseph. Kerala: The Paradoxes of Public Action and Development. Orient Longman, 2006. 

    7. Jeffrey, Robin. The Decline of Nair Dominance: Society and Politics in Travancore 1847-1908. Manohar, 1976.

    8. Lieten, Georges Kristoffel. The First Communist Ministry in Kerala 1957-9. Calcutta, Delhi: K P Bragchi & Company, 1982. 

    9. Jayaraj, D. Majority Rule in Kerala: A Study of Five Election 1957-1970. Thiruvananthapuram: University of Kerala, 1974.

    10. Somarajan, C. N. Pressure Groups and Democratic Politics. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1988. 

    11. Abraham, Raju. Role of Political Parties in State Legislature: A Behavioural Analysis of the Eight Kerala Legislative Assembly. New Delhi: Classical Publishing Company, 1999. 

    12. Somarajan, C. N. Aspects of Kerala Society and Politics. Kundara: Raj Publications, 1988. 

    13. Varughese, K. V. The United Front Government in Kerala (1967-1969): A Study of the Marxist-Led Coalition. Studies on Indian Marxism 3. Madras: The Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, 1978.

    14. Samithi, Janakeeya Raksha. United Front Administration: Rule of Lawlessness and Chaos in Kerala. Vol. 3, n.d. 

    15. Pillai, P. P. Kerala Economy Four Decades of Development. Calicut: Institute of Planning and Applied Economic Research John Matthai Foundation, Dr. John Matthai Centre, University of Calicut, 1994. 

    16. Nair, R. Ramakrishnan. How Communists Came to Power in Kerala. Kerala Academy of Political Science, 1965. 

    17. Koshy, M. J. Genesis of Political Consciousness in Kerala. Kerala Historical Society Series. Trivandrum: Kerala Historical Society, 1972. 

    18. John, K. C. The Melting Pot (Kerala: 1950’s - 1970’s). Prasanthi Printers, 1975. 

    19. Prakash, B. A. Kerala’s Economic Development: Issues and Problems. New Delhi; Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1999. 

    20. John, P. John. Coalition Governments in Kerala. Institute for the Study of Public Policy and Management, 1983. 

    21. Chander, N. Jose. Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 2004. 

    22. Chander, N. Jose. Dynamics of State Politics in Kerala. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1986. 

    23. Rajendran, G. The Ezhava Community and Kerala Politics. Kerala Academy of Political Science, 1974.

    24. Kumar, G Gupa. The Congress Party and State Politics: Emergence of New Style Politics. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1984. 

    25. Namboodiripad, E. M. S. Kerala Society and Politics: A Historical Survey. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1984. 

    26. Franke, Richard W., and Barbara H. Chasin. Kerala: Radical Reform as Development. San Francisco: The Institute for Food and Development Policy, 1994. 

    27. Sadasivan, S. N. Administration and Social Development in Kerala: A Study in Administrative Sociology. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration, 1988. 

    28. Nossiter, T. J. Marxist State Governments in India: Politics, Economy and Society. Marxist Regime Series. London ; New York: Pinter Publishers, 1988. 

    29. Kumar, Shuresh. Development, Politics, and Society: Left Politics in Kerala; A Disinterested Perspective. Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp., 2009.

    30. Balakrishnan, E. History of the Communist Movement in Kerala. Kurukshethra Prakasan, 1998. 

    31. Mankekar, D. R. The Red Riddle of Kerala. Bombay: Manaktalas: Bombay, 1965.

    32. Gopalan, A. K. Kerala: Past and Present. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1959. 

    33. Nair, K. Sukumaran. Congress and Kerala Politics. Jaipur: College Book House, n.d. 

    34. Raman, Ravi K. Development, Democracy, and the State: Critiquing the Kerala Model of Development. London: Routledge, 2012.

    35. Nair, A. Balakrishnan. The Government and Politics of Kerala: Structure, Dynamics and Development. Indira Publications, 1994. 

    36. Tornquist, Olle. The Next Left? Democratization and Attempts to Renew the Radical Political Development Project: The Case of Kerala. NIAS Report Series 24. Copenhagen: NIAS Publications, 1995. 

    37. Namboodiripad, E. M. S. The Communist Party in Kerala: Six Decades of Struggle and Advance. New Delhi: National Book Centre, 1994. 

    38. Nossiter, T. J. Communism in Kerala: A Study in Political Adaptation. London: C. Hurst & Company, 1983.

    39. Desai, Manali. State Formation and Radical Democracy in India. Taylor & Francis, 2006. 

    40. Ramanathaiyer, Sundar, and Stewart MacPherson. Social Development in Kerala: Illusion or Reality? 1st ed. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2000. 

    41. Rao, M. V. S. Communist Parties and United Front Experience in Kerala and West Bengal. Hyderabad: Prajasakti Book House, 2003. 

    42. ‘Kerala Under Communism: A Report’. Mumbai: Democratic Research Service, 1959. 

    43. Jayaprakash, R. Role of Opposition in the Legislature: A Study on the Role of the Opposition in the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Thiruvananthapuram: Institute for the Study of Public Policy and Management, 1990. 

    44. Menon, C. Achutha. What Happened in Kerala: Review of the 30 Months of Namboodiripad Government. New Delhi: D.P. Sinha for the Communist Party, 1969. 

    45. Ayrookuzhiel, A. M. Abraham. The Dalit Desiyata: The Kerala Experience in Development and Class Struggle. Bangalore: The Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, 1990. 

    46. Heller, Patrick. The Labour of Development: Workers and the Transformation of Capitalism in Kerala, India. Cornell University Press, 1999. 

    47. Joseph, S. C. Kerala: The Communist State. Madras: The Madras Premier Co, 1959. 

    48. Parayil, Govindan, ed. Kerala: The Development Experience: Reflections on Sustainability and Replicability. London ; New York: Zed Books, 2000. 

    49. Jitha, S. R. Higher Bureaucracy and Development. Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, 2007. 

Himachal Pradesh

• • 1. Verma, V. The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co., 1995. 

    2. Ahluwalia, M. S. History of Himachal Pradesh. First Edition edition. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House, 1988. 

    3. Tiwari, A. K. Infrastructure and Economic Development in Himachal Pradesh. New Delhi: Indus Pub. Co., 2000. 

    4. Sharma, Ranbir. Party Politics in a Himalayan State. National, 1977. 

    5. Goswami, Rachna Dutt. Value-Structure of Indian Administrative Service: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh. New Delhi: Mittal Publications, 2007. 

    6. Sharma, T. R. New Challenges of Politics in Indian States. Uppal Pub. House, 1986. 

    7. Verma, Ramesh K. Regionalism and Sub-Regionalism in State Politics: Social, Economic and Political Bases. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1994. 

Miscellaneous

• • 1. Hansen, Thomas Blom, and Christophe Jaffrelot, eds. The BJP and the Compulsions of Politics in India. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

    2. Karunakaran, K. Coalition Governments in India : Problems and Prospects. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1975.

    3. Kothari, Rajni, and James Manor. Caste in Indian Politics. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2010.

    4. Omvedt, Gail. Land, Caste and Politics in Indian States. South Asia Books, 1983.

    5. Shah, Ghanshyam. Caste and Democratic Politics In India. Delhi: Anthem Press, 2004.

    6. Vora, Rajendra. Region, Culture, and Politics in India. Delhi; New Delhi: Manohar ; Distributed in South Asia by Foundation Books, 2006. 

    7. Barik, R. K. Politics of the JP Movement. New Delhi: Radiant Pub, New Delhi, 1977. 

    8. Palshikar, Suhas. Indian Democracy: Meanings and Practices. New Delhi [u.a.: Sage Publications, 2004. 

    9. Pillai, G. Narayana. Social Background of Political Leadership in India. South Asia Books, 1984. 

    10. Ganguly, Debjani. Caste, Colonialism and Counter-Modernity: Notes on a Postcolonial Hermeneutics of Caste. London: Routledge, 2005. 

    11. Hutton, J. H. Caste in India: Its Nature, Function, and Origins. 4th Edition edition. Oxford University Press, n.d. 

    12. Ray, Raka, and Mary Fainsod Katzenstein. Social Movements in India: Poverty, Power, and Politics. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005.

    13. Jaffrelot, Christophe. India’s Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes in North India. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. 

    14. Shah, Ghanshyam. Social Movements and the State. Vol. 4. Readings in Indian Government and Politics. New Delhi ; Thousand Oaks, Calif ; London: SAGE Publications, 2002.

    15. Selbourne, David. In Theory and in Practice: Essays on the Politics of Jayaprakash Narayan. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. 

    16. Kohli, Atul, ed. India’s Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations. Princeton University Press, 1990. 

    17. Jana, Arun K, and Bhupen Sarmah. Class, Ideology and Political Parties in India. Colorado Springs, CO: International Academic Publishers, 2002. 

    18. Thakur, R. N. The Sociology of the Administrative Elite. Vol. 1. 2 vols. Delhi: Archives Books, 1989. 

    19. Thakur R. N. The Sociology of the Administrative Elite: Part 2. Vol. 2. 2 vols. Delhi: Archives Books, 1989.

    20. Hansen, Thomas Blom, and Christophe Jaffrelot, eds. The BJP and the Compulsions of Politics in India. Delhi; New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. 

    21. Shah, Ghanshyam, ed. Caste and Democratic Politics in India. London: Anthem Press, 2003.

    22. Omvedt, Gail, ed. Land Caste and Politics in Indian States. Delhi: University of Delhi, 1982. 

    23. Kothari, Rajni, and James Manor. Caste in Indian Politics. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan, 2010. 

    24. Karunakaran, K. Coalition Governments in India : Problems and Prospects. Simla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1975. 

I am thankful to Aliza Elkin, Pranav Gupta, and Katharine Mccoy for their help in cataloguing the references and preparing the pdfs. 

Here are some other sources on subnational politics in India that I found useful: 

1. EOPP Indian States Data by Timothy Besley and Robin Burgess at LSE. Includes state-level data on land reforms, politics, poverty and inequality, public finance, and socio-economic indices from 1957 to 2002. 

2. India Human Development Survey-II by Sonalde Desai and Reeve Vanneman at the University of Maryland. A nationally representative  survey of 42,152 households across India in 2004-05. Topics include health, education, employment, marriage, fertility, gender, social capital, infrastructure and local government. 

3. Francesca Jensenius at the University of Oslo has put together an excellent dataset on national and state elections in India from 1961 to 2015. 

4. The Trivedi Centre for Political Data (TCPD) at Ashoka University maintains data on Indian elections from 1962 onwards. 

5. Aaditya Dar at the Indian School of Business has compiled an extensive list of publicly available datasets on politics and development in India.